Overview of the best additives to restore cartilage fabric

Overview of the best additives to restore cartilage fabric

Table of contents:

1. Understanding of cartilage tissue: structure, functions and causes of damage.
2. Glucosamine: mechanism of action, form and effectiveness.
3. Chondroitin Sulfate: the role in maintaining the elasticity of cartilage and reducing inflammation.
4. Glucosamine and chondroitin: synergistic effect and combined drugs.
5. Teenatted collagen II type (UC-II): the immunomodulation mechanism and decrease in the destruction of cartilage.
6. Hyaluronic acid: joint lubrication and effect on cartilage hydration.
7. Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM): anti -inflammatory properties and participation in the synthesis of collagen.
8. Vitamin C: The need for collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection.
9. Vitamin D: the effect on bone metabolism and indirect support of cartilage.
10. Marganets: Participation in the synthesis of glucosaminoglycans.
11. Omega-3 fatty acids: anti-inflammatory effects and decrease in joint pain.
12. Kurkumin: a powerful antioxidant and anti -inflammatory agent.
13. Boswellia serrata extract: inhibiting inflammatory enzymes and reducing pain.
14. S-adenosylmetionine (SAME): Improving the synthesis of proteoglycans and a decrease in pain.
15. Avocado and soy in neo -smashed compounds (ASU): stimulation of collagen synthesis and inhibition of inflammation.
16. Other additives: SAME, Diacereein, Piaschedine 300.
17. Factors affecting the effectiveness of additives: stage of the disease, individual characteristics and lifestyle.
18. Dosages and reception schemes: recommendations and warnings.
19. Side effects and contraindications: what you need to know.
20. Choosing a quality product: criteria and purchase advice.
21. Clinical research: review of scientific data on the effectiveness of additives.
22. Alternative approaches: physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises and injections.
23. The future of research: new prospects in the restoration of cartilage.
24. The importance of an integrated approach: diet, exercises and drug therapy.
25. Conclusion: A responsible approach to the choice and use of additives.

1. Understanding of cartilage tissue: structure, functions and causes of damage.

Cartoon fabric is a specialized connective tissue that provides smooth sliding of the joint surfaces and depreciation during movement. It differs from bone tissue by the absence of blood vessels and nerves (with the exception of the supra -crook), which determines its limited possibilities for self -healing.

Structure:

• Chondrocytes: Circular tissue cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of intercellular substance. They make up a small part of the volume of cartilage and are located in varnishes (lakes).
• Intercellular substance (Matrix): The main component of the cartilage consisting of:
  • Collagen: Basically, type II collagen, which provides strength and resistance to stretching.
  • Protooglic: Molecules consisting of a protein nucleus and glycosaminoglycans (GAG), such as chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate. Proteoglycans have high hydrophys, holding water and providing elasticity and shock -absorption properties of cartilage.
  • Hyaluronic acid: Polysaccharide, which plays an important role in maintaining the viscosity of synovial fluid and hydration of cartilage tissue.
  • Water: Accounts for up to 80% of the cartilage volume and ensures its elasticity.

Functions:

• Depreciation: Absorption of impacts and reducing the load on the bones during movement.
• Smooth sliding: Providing smooth and painless movement in the joints.
• Support: The formation of the structure of some organs, such as ears and nose.

Causes of damage:

• Osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis): The most common cause of cartilage damage, characterized by progressive degeneration of cartilage tissue. The reasons for the development of osteoarthritis are diverse and include a genetic predisposition, age, overweight, injuries and repeating loads on the joints.
• Injuries: Bruises, dislocations, fractures and other injuries can lead to cartilage damage. Damage to meniscus and ligaments can also indirectly affect the condition of cartilage.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation and destruction of cartilage.
• Other inflammatory joint diseases: Gout, psoriatic arthritis and other inflammatory diseases can lead to damage to cartilage tissue.
• Age: With age, the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans decreases, which leads to thinning and worsening of the properties of cartilage.
• Overweight: The increased load on the joints contributes to wear and damage to the cartilage.
• Disadvantage of nutrients: The deficiency of vitamins and minerals necessary for the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans can negatively affect the condition of cartilage.
• Insufficient physical activity: With a sedentary lifestyle, the nutrition of cartilage worsens and its ability to restore.
• Excessive physical activity: Intensive training without enough time for recovery can lead to overload and cartilage damage.
• Genetic predisposition: Some people have a genetic predisposition to the development of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.

2. Glucosamine: mechanism of action, form and effectiveness.

Glucosamine is aminosaccharide, which is naturally produced in the body and is the precursor of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the main components of cartilage tissue. It plays a key role in the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid necessary to maintain the structure and function of cartilage.

The mechanism of action:

• Stimulation of the synthesis of proteoglycans: Glucosamine increases the amount of proteoglycans produced by chondrocytes, which helps to increase the content of water and elasticity of cartilage.
• Stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis: Glucosamine contributes to the production of hyaluronic acid, which provides lubrication of the articular surfaces and hydration of cartilage tissue.
• Inhibition of destructive enzymes: Glucosamine can suppress the activity of enzymes, such as collagenase and elastasis, which destroy cartilage tissue.
• Anti -inflammatory action: Glucosamine has moderate anti -inflammatory properties that can help reduce pain and edema in the joints.

Forms:

• Glucosamine sulfate: The most studied and, as a rule, a more effective form of glucosamine. It is better absorbed and has more clinical evidence of effectiveness.
• Glucosamine hydrochloride: A less studied form, which can be less effective than glucosamine sulfate. Contains less glucosamine by weight than glucosamine sulfate.
• N-acetylhlucosamine: The form of glucosamine used in cosmetics and dermatology. Its effectiveness for the restoration of cartilage is less studied.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Clinical studies show that glucosamine sulfate can help reduce pain, improve joint function and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis, especially in the early stages of the disease. The effectiveness of glucosamine hydrochloride is less proved.
• Joint pain: Glucosamine can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.
• Athletes: Glucosamine can be useful for athletes subjected to intensive physical exertion, to protect cartilage tissue and reduce the risk of injuries.

Key points:

• The form matters: Glucosamine sulfate is usually more effective than glucosamine hydrochloride.
• Dosage: It is usually recommended to take 1,500 mg of glucosamine sulfate per day, divided into several tricks.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking glucosamine may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular administration.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of glucosamine can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Combination with chondroitin: Glucosamine is often combined with chondroitin sulfate to enhance the effect.

3. Chondroitin sulfate: the role in maintaining the elasticity of the cartilage and a decrease in inflammation.

Chondroitin sulfate is glycosaminoglican (GAG), which is an important component of the intercellular substance of cartilage. It has a high ability to hold water, which provides elasticity and shock -absorption properties of cartilage.

The role in maintaining the elasticity of the cartilage:

• Holding water: Chondroitin sulfate attracts and holds water in cartilage, which ensures its elasticity and depreciation properties.
• Structure support: Chondroitin sulfate is part of proteoglycans, which form the structure of cartilage tissue and ensure its resistance to loads.

Reducing inflammation:

• Inhibition of inflammatory enzymes: Chondroitin sulfate can suppress the activity of enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COO-2) and matrix metal-propriet (MMP), which are involved in the inflammatory process and the destruction of cartilage.
• Reducing the production of inflammatory mediators: Chondroitin sulfate can reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, such as Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and a factor of alpha tumor (TNF-α), which contribute to inflammation in the joints.

The mechanism of action:

• Stimulation of the synthesis of proteoglycans: Chondroitin sulfate can stimulate the synthesis of proteoglycans with chondrocytes, which helps to restore cartilage tissue.
• Inhibiting the destruction of cartilage: Chondroitin sulfate can slow down the destruction of cartilage, suppressing the activity of enzymes that destroy cartilage fabric.
• Anti -inflammatory action: Chondroitin sulfate can reduce the joints in the joints, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Clinical studies show that chondroitin sulfate can help reduce pain, improve joint function and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis, especially in the knee joints.
• Joint pain: Chondroitin sulfate can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.

Key points:

• Quality matters: It is important to choose high -quality chondroitin sulfate from reliable manufacturers.
• Dosage: It is usually recommended to take 800-1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day, divided into several tricks.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking chondroitin sulfate may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular administration.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of chondroitin sulfate can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Glucosamine combination: Chondroitin sulfate is often combined with glucosamine to enhance the effect.

4. Glucosamine and chondroitin: synergistic effect and combined drugs.

The combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate is a popular approach to maintaining joint health and restoration of cartilage. It is believed that these two components have a synergistic effect, that is, their joint use can be more effective than the use of each of them individually.

Synergic action:

• Comaining mechanisms: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have various but complementary action mechanisms. Glucosamine stimulates the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate ensures the maintenance of water in cartilage and reduces inflammation.
• Strengthening effect: The joint use of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can enhance their individual effects, which leads to a more pronounced improvement of the condition of the joints.

Combined drugs:

• Convenience accepts: Combined drugs contain glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in one tablet or capsule, which simplifies intake and increases the adherence to treatment.
• Optimal ratio: Manufacturers of combined drugs often select the optimal ratio of glucosamine and sulfate chondroitin to achieve the maximum effect.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Many clinical studies have shown that combined glucosamine preparations and sulfate chondroitin can help reduce pain, improve joint function and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.
• Joint pain: Combined drugs can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.

Key points:

• The choice of the drug: It is important to choose combined drugs from reliable manufacturers guaranteeing the quality and the correct ratio of ingredients.
• Dosage: It is usually recommended to take combined drugs containing 1,500 mg glucosamine sulfate and 800-1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day, divided into several tricks.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking combined drugs may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular administration.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of combined drugs can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Additional ingredients: Some combined drugs contain additional ingredients, such as MSM, hyaluronic acid and vitamins that can enhance their effect.

5. Texture-type II-type collagen (UC-II): immunomodulation mechanism and decrease in cartilage destruction.

A non-reinvented type II collagen (UC-II) is a form of type II collagen, which retains its natural three-dimensional structure (triple spiral). Unlike hydrolyzed collagen, UC-II acts through the immunomodulation mechanism, and not by providing building blocks for cartilage.

Immunomodulation mechanism:

• Oral tolerance: When oral administration, UC-II interacts with immune cells in the intestines (Pyero plaques). This interaction triggers a process called oral tolerance, as a result of which the immune system becomes less sensitive to its own type II collagen in cartilage.
• Reduced autoimmune reaction: With osteoarthritis and other joint diseases, the immune system can mistakenly attack the type of type II collagen in cartilage, causing inflammation and destruction. UC-II helps to reduce this autoimmune reaction.
• Reducing the production of inflammatory mediators: UC-II can reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, such as Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and a factor in the necrosis of the alpha tumor (TNF-α), which contribute to inflammation in the joints.

Reducing the destruction of cartilage:

• Type II collagen protection: Reducing an autoimmune reaction to type II collagen, UC-II helps to protect cartilage from destruction.
• Reducing inflammation: Reducing inflammation in the joints also contributes to a slowdown in the destruction of cartilage.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Clinical studies have shown that UC-II can help reduce pain, improve joint function and increase flexibility in patients with osteoarthritis, especially in the knee joints. Some studies show that UC-II can be more effective than glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in reducing pain and improving joint function.
• Joint pain: UC-II can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.
• Athletes: UC-II can be useful for athletes subjected to intensive physical exertion, to protect cartilage tissue and reduce the risk of injuries.

Key points:

• The mechanism of action: UC-II acts through immunomodulation, and not by providing building blocks for cartilage.
• Dosage: It is usually recommended to take 40 mg UC-II per day, once.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking UC-II may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular reception.
• Individual reaction: UC-II effectiveness can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Combination with other additives: UC-II can be combined with other additives for joint health, such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and MSM.

6. Hyaluronic acid: joint lubrication and effect on cartilage hydration.

Hyaluronic acid (Civil Code) is a polysaccharide that is naturally contained in the body, especially in the skin, joints and eyes. In the joints, hyaluronic acid is the main component of synovial fluid, which plays the role of lubrication and shock absorber.

Lubrication of the joints:

• Reducing friction: Hyaluronic acid reduces friction between the joint surfaces, providing smooth and painless movement.
• Carriage protection: Reducing friction, hyaluronic acid helps to protect cartilage from wear and damage.

Influence on hydration of cartilage tissue:

• Holding water: Hyaluronic acid has a high ability to hold water, which contributes to hydration of cartilage tissue and maintaining its elasticity.
• Carthing power: Hydrated cartilage feeds better, since nutrients penetrate more easily into cartilage tissue through water.

The mechanism of action:

• Increase in the viscosity of synovial fluid: Hyaluronic acid increases the viscosity of the synovial fluid, which improves its lubricating and amortization properties.
• Stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis: Some studies show that taking hyaluronic acid can stimulate the synthesis of its own hyaluronic acid by the body.
• Anti -inflammatory action: Hyaluronic acid has moderate anti -inflammatory properties that can help reduce pain and edema in the joints.

Forms:

• October reception (capsules, tablets): Hyaluronic acid taken orally can be absorbed in the intestines and reach the joints. The effectiveness of the oral administration of hyaluronic acid may be lower than intraarticular injections.
• Intra -articular injections: Injections of hyaluronic acid directly into the joint are a more effective way to deliver hyaluronic acid to the joint. Intra -articular injections of hyaluronic acid are often used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Both oral intake and intra -articular injections of hyaluronic acid can help reduce pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis.
• Joint pain: Hyaluronic acid can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.

Key points:

• The form matters: Intra -articular injections of hyaluronic acid are usually more effective than oral intake.
• Dosage: The dosage of hyaluronic acid during oral administration varies depending on the product, it is usually recommended to take 80-200 mg per day.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking hyaluronic acid may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular administration.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Combination with other additives: Hyaluronic acid can be combined with other additives for joint health, such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and MSM.

7. Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM): anti -inflammatory properties and participation in the synthesis of collagen.

Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM) is an organic compound of sulfur, which is naturally contained in plants, animals and humans. MSM has anti -inflammatory properties and plays an important role in the synthesis of collagen, which makes it a useful additive for joint health.

Anti -inflammatory properties:

• Reducing the production of inflammatory mediators: MSM can reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a factor in the necrosis of the alpha tumor (TNF-α), which contribute to inflammation in the joints.
• Increasing the level of antioxidants: MSM can increase the level of antioxidants in the body, such as glutathione, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
• Inhibiting the activation of NF-Ukraine: MSM can inhibit the Activation of NF-Ukraine, a transcription factor that plays a key role in the inflammatory process.

Participation in the synthesis of collagen:

• The need for collagen synthesis: Sure is an important component of collagen, and MSM provides sulfur necessary for collagen synthesis.
• Strengthening connective tissue: Collagen is the main structural component of cartilage, ligaments and tendons, and MSM helps to strengthen these connective tissues.

The mechanism of action:

• Reducing inflammation: MSM reduces inflammation in the joints, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators and increasing the level of antioxidants.
• Improving collagen synthesis: MSM provides a sulfur necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which helps to restore and strengthen cartilage.
• Improving the permeability of cell membranes: MSM can improve the permeability of cell membranes, which contributes to the better intake of nutrients in cells and waste removal.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Clinical studies have shown that MSM can help reduce pain, improve joint function and reduce stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis.
• Joint pain: MSM can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes, including injuries and inflammatory diseases.
• Recovery after training: MSM can help reduce muscle pain and improve recovery after intense training.

Key points:

• Safety: MSM is usually well tolerated and has few side effects.
• Dosage: It is usually recommended to take 1,500-3000 mg of MSM per day, divided into several tricks.
• Time to the effect: The effect of taking MSM may not appear immediately, usually it takes several weeks or months of regular reception.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of MSM can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
• Combination with other additives: MSM is often combined with other additives for joint health, such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and vitamin C.

8. Vitamin C: The need for collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water -soluble vitamin that plays an important role in many body functions, including collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection.

The need for collagen synthesis:

• Enzymes coffictor: Vitamin C is a cofactor of enzymes necessary for collagen synthesis. These enzymes are involved in the hydroxylating of the proline and lysine, amino acids that are necessary for the stability and strength of collagen.
• Strengthening collagen fibers: The hydroxylation of the proline and lysine allows you to form strong transverse bonds between collagen fibers, which makes collagen more resistant to destruction.

Antioxidant Protection:

• Neutralization of free radicals: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage cells and tissues, including cartilage tissue.
• Carthing protection from oxidative stress: Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of osteoarthritis, and vitamin C helps to protect cartilage from damage caused by oxidative stress.
• Restoration of vitamin E: Vitamin C can restore vitamin E, another important antioxidant, to its active form, enhancing antioxidant protection.

The mechanism of action:

• Collagen synthesis support: Vitamin C provides the cofactors necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which helps to restore and strengthen cartilage.
• Antioxidant Protection: Vitamin C protects the cartilage from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress.
• Reducing inflammation: Vitamin C can have moderate anti -inflammatory properties that can help reduce pain and edema in the joints.

Efficiency:

• Osteoarthritis: Studies show that sufficient consumption of vitamin C may be associated with a decrease in the risk of osteoarthritis.
• Joint pain: Vitamin C can help reduce joint pain caused by various causes due to its antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties.
• Recovery after injuries: Vitamin C can help accelerate recovery after injuries, maintaining collagen synthesis and reducing inflammation.

Key points:

• The importance of sufficient consumption: It is important to use a sufficient amount of vitamin C with food or in the form of additives to maintain joint health.
• Dosage: The recommended daily dose of vitamin C is 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men. To maintain joint health, it can be useful to take higher doses, for example, 500-1000 mg per day.
• Safety: Vitamin C is usually well tolerated, but high doses can cause side effects, such as stomach and diarrhea.
• Forms: Vitamin C is available in various forms, such as ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and ascorbal palmitate.
• Combination with other additives: Vitamin C goes well with other additives for joint health, such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and MSM.

9. Vitamin D: the effect on bone metabolism and indirect support of cartilage.

Vitamin D is a fat -soluble vitamin that plays an important role in bone metabolism and has an indirect effect on cartilage health. It contributes to the absorption of calcium in the intestines, which is necessary to maintain bone strength. Although vitamin D does not directly restore cartilage, it is important for the health of the joints as a whole.

The effect on bone metabolism:

• Calcium absorption: Vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from food in the intestines. Calcium is the main mineral necessary for the formation and maintenance of bone tissue.
• Regulation of blood calcium levels: Vitamin D helps regulate the level of calcium in the blood, preventing its loss from bones.
• Mineralization of bones: Vitamin D is necessary for the mineralization of bones, a process in which bones become strong and dense.

Indirect support of the cartilage:

• Maintaining bone health: Healthy bones provide support and stability for the joints, which can help reduce the load on the cartilage.
• Reducing risk of fractures: Vitamin D helps reduce the risk of fractures that can lead to cartilage damage.
• Influence on inflammation: Some studies show that vitamin D may have anti -inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint inflammation.

The mechanism of action:

• Activation of vitamin D (VDR) receptors: Vitamin D binds to vitamin D (VDR) receptors, which are located in many body cells, including bone tissue cells and immune system.
• Gene expression regulation: The binding of vitamin D with VDR leads to the regulation of the expression of genes involved in calcium metabolism, bone growth and immune response.

Efficiency:

• Osteoporosis: Vitamin D is an important component of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, a disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone density and an increase in the risk of fractures.
• Osteoarthritis: Although vitamin D does not treat osteoarthritis directly, its sufficient amount can help maintain the health of bones and joints and reduce the risk of progression of the disease.
• Joint pain: Some studies show that vitamin D deficiency can be associated with joint pain.

Key points:

• The importance of a sufficient level of vitamin D: It is important to maintain a sufficient level of vitamin D in the blood for bone health