TOP dietary supplements for immunity during a cold

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TOP Badov for immunity during colds: Complete leadership

I. Fundamentals of immunity and colds:

A. Immune system: brief review

1. Inborn immunity:

   • The first line of protection: skin, mucous membranes, chemical barriers.
   • C cells of congenital immunity: macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells (natural killers), dendritic cells. Their functions and mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens.
   • Inflammation: the role of inflammation in the immune response; Mechanisms of activation of inflammatory cascades (cytokines, chemokin). Regulation of inflammation: its value for the prevention of chronic diseases.
   • Completter system: opsonization, chemotaxis, direct lysis of pathogens. Three ways of complement activation: classic, alternative, lectin.
   • Interferons: their role in antivirus protection. Types of interferons (alpha, beta, gamma) and their specific functions.

2. Acquired immunity:

   • B cells: production of antibodies (immunoglobulins). Types of antibodies (IgG, IGM, IGA, IGE, IGD) and their functions. Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells.
   • T-cells:
     • T-highpers (CD4+): coordination of the immune response. Interaction with B cells and cytotoxic T cells. The production of cytokines. Various subpopulations of T-Helper (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and their role in various immune answers.
     • Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+): destruction of infected cells. Mechanisms of destruction (perfume, granzim). The role of MHC class I.
   • Antigen-representative cells (APC): dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells. Processing and presentation of antigens T-cells. The role of MHC class II.
   • Immunological memory: the formation of memory cells after the primary infection. A faster and effective immune response with re -infection.

B. Cry: viruses, symptoms and current

1. Causative agents of colds:

   • Rhinoviruses: the most common cause of colds. Various serotypes of rhinoviruses. Mechanisms of infection and replication.
   • Coronaviruses: other common causes of colds. Various types of coronaviruses. The difference from SARS-COV-2.
   • Influenza virus: the difference from a cold. Types of influenza (a, b, c). Antigenic drift and antigenic shift.
   • Adenoviruses: can cause colds with more pronounced symptoms.
   • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): It is more common in children.

2. Symptoms of colds:

   • Running (rhinitis): inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. The causes and mechanisms of the occurrence of a runny nose.
   • Throat pain (pharyngitis): inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Various causes of sore throat (viral, bacterial).
   • Cough: The reflex mechanism of the purification of the respiratory tract. Types of cough (dry, wet).
   • Headache: causes of headache for colds (intoxication, inflammation).
   • Weakness and fatigue: general symptoms of infection.
   • A fever of body temperature: the protective mechanism of the body.

3. Creation Current:

   • The incubation period: time from infection to the appearance of the first symptoms.
   • Duration of colds: usually 7-10 days.
   • Possible complications: sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia. Risk factors for the development of complications.
   • Infection of colds: ways to transmit the virus (airborne, contact). Preventive measures to prevent the spread of infection.

C. Factors affecting immunity:

1. Nutrition:

   • Disadvantage of vitamins and minerals: the effect of a bowl of nutrients on the immune function.
   • Protein malnutrition: a decrease in the production of antibodies and other immune proteins.
   • Excessive sugar consumption: suppression of the immune system.
   • An unbalanced diet: violation of the work of immune cells.
   • The role of intestinal microbiots: the effect of microbiots on the immune system. Dysbiosis and its consequences for immunity.

2. Stress:

   • The influence of chronic stress on immunity: suppressing the function of immune cells. The release of cortisol and its influence on the immune system.
   • The mechanisms of the influence of stress on immunity: the interaction of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems.

3. Dream:

   • Lack of sleep and immunity: a decrease in the activity of immune cells. Influence on the production of cytokines.
   • Violation of circadian rhythms and immunity.

4. Physical activity:

   • Moderate physical activity: strengthening the immune system. Improving blood circulation and delivery of immune cells to foci of infection.
   • Excessive physical activity: suppression of immunity.

5. Age:

   • Immunity in children: immunity of the immune system. High susceptibility to infections.
   • Immunity in the elderly: a decrease in immune function (immunostation). Increased risk of infections and complications.

6. Chronic diseases:

   • Diabetes mellitus: impaired function of immune cells. Increased risk of infections.
   • Autoimmune diseases: violation of the regulation of the immune system.
   • HIV infection: suppression of immunity.
   • Oncological diseases: influence on the immune system.
   • Cardiovascular diseases: influence on the immune system.

7. Smoking and alcohol:

   • The effect of smoking on immunity: suppressing the function of immune cells. Increased risk of respiratory tract infections.
   • The effect of alcohol on immunity: a decrease in the activity of immune cells. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota.

II. Top Badov to support immunity during the cold:

A. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Antioxidant protection: protection of immune cells from damage by free radicals.
   • Stimulation of production and the functions of leukocytes: an increase in the quantity and activity of neutrophils, macrophages and NK cells.
   • Participation in the synthesis of collagen: strengthening the barrier functions of the skin and mucous membranes.
   • Improving iron absorption: Iron importance for immune function.

2. Scientific research:

   • Influence on the duration and severity of the common cold: analysis of meta-analyzes and clinical studies. Differences in the results depending on the dose and time of admission.
   • Creativity of colds: the effectiveness of vitamin C in the prevention of colds in people subject to intensive physical stress.

3. Forms of vitamin C:

   • Ascorbic acid: the most common and affordable form.
   • Sodium Ascorbat: less acidic form, better tolerated by people with a sensitive stomach.
   • Calcium ascorbate: another less acidic form.
   • Liposomal vitamin C: Best bioavailability thanks to the liposomal shell.
   • Esther-C: The patented form of vitamin C, containing vitamin C metabolites, which provides better absorption and retention in the body.

4. Dosage:

   • Recommended daily dose (RSD): for adults.
   • Doses for colds: higher doses (1-2 grams per day) can be useful to reduce symptoms.
   • Safety: the upper permissible limit of consumption. Side effects with high doses (diarrhea, nausea).

5. Sources:

   • Food: citrus fruits, berries, pepper, broccoli, spinach.
   • Bades: tablets, capsules, powders, chewing pills.

6. Interactions with drugs:

   • Aspirin: Vitamin C can enhance the action of aspirin.
   • Varfarin: Vitamin C can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin.
   • Aluminum-containing antacids: vitamin C can increase aluminum absorption.

B. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Regulation of immune cells: the effect on the function of T-cells, B cells and antigen-representing cells.
   • Stimulation of the production of antimicrobial peptides: defensins and civatelycidines that kill bacteria and viruses.
   • Regulation of inflammation: suppression of excessive inflammatory response.
   • Support for the barrier function of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

2. Scientific research:

   • The impact on the incidence of respiratory infections: analysis of meta-analyzes and clinical studies. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of respiratory infections.
   • Influenza prevention: vitamin D efficiency in influenza prevention.
   • Influence on the COVID-19 course: Studies on the role of vitamin D in the prevention of severe forms of Covid-19.

3. Vitamin D forms:

   • Vitamin D3 (Holekalciferol): It is better absorbed than vitamin D2. It turns out from animal raw materials (lanolin of sheep’s wool).
   • Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol): It is obtained from plant materials.

4. Dosage:

   • Recommended daily dose (RSD): for adults and children. Dependence on age, geographical position and health status.
   • Doses in deficiency: higher doses for replenishing the deficit (under the supervision of a doctor).
   • Safety: the upper permissible limit of consumption. Symptoms of overdose (nausea, vomiting, weakness).

5. Sources:

   • Sunlight: the main source of vitamin D. Factors affecting the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin (time, time of day, skin color, use of sunscreens).
   • Food: fatty fish (salmon, sardines, tuna), egg yolk, enriched products (milk, juices).
   • Bades: capsules, tablets, oil solutions.

6. Interactions with drugs:

   • Corticosteroids: can reduce vitamin D.’s absorption.
   • Antifungal drugs: some antifungal drugs can affect the metabolism of vitamin D.
   • Statins: can affect the level of vitamin D in the blood.

C. Zinc

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Support for the function of immune cells: important for the development and functioning of T-cells, B cells and NK cells.
   • Antioxidant protection: participates in the work of antioxidant enzymes (superoxidsmutase).
   • Antiviral activity: inhibiting replication of some viruses.
   • Support for the barrier function of the mucous membranes.

2. Scientific research:

   • Influence on the duration and severity of the common cold: analysis of meta-analyzes and clinical studies. The effectiveness of zinc in reducing the duration and severity of the symptoms of colds when taking the disease.
   • Prevention of respiratory infections: the effectiveness of zinc in the prevention of respiratory infections in children and the elderly.

3. Forms of zinc:

   • Gluconate zinc: is well absorbed.
   • Citrate zinc: is well absorbed and transferred.
   • Zinc acetate: used in louds for the throat.
   • Picoline zinc: has high bioavailability.
   • Sulfate zinc: can cause stomach disorders.

4. Dosage:

   • Recommended daily dose (RSD): for adults and children.
   • Doses for colds: higher doses (50-100 mg per day) can be useful to reduce symptoms (briefly).
   • Safety: the upper permissible limit of consumption. Side effects with high doses (nausea, vomiting, metal taste in the mouth). Long -term intake of high doses of zinc can lead to copper deficiency.

5. Sources:

   • Food: red meat, seafood, nuts, seeds, legumes.
   • Bades: tablets, capsules, lollipops for the throat.

6. Interactions with drugs:

   • Antibiotics (tetracycline, chinolons): zinc can reduce the absorption of these antibiotics.
   • Penicillalamin: zinc can reduce the effectiveness of penicillin.
   • Diuretics: Some diuretics can increase zinc elimination from the body.

D. Echinacea

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Stimulation of immune cells: an increase in the activity of macrophages, NK cells and T cells.
   • An increase in the production of cytokines: interleukins and interferons.
   • Antiviral activity: inhibiting replication of some viruses.
   • Antioxidant activity.

2. Scientific research:

   • Influence on the incidence and duration of colds: analysis of meta-analyzes and clinical studies. Differences in the results depending on the type of echinacea and the method of preparation.
   • Prevention of respiratory infections: Echinacea’s effectiveness in the prevention of respiratory infections.

3. Types of Echinacea:

   • Echinacea Purpurea: The most studied look.
   • Echinacea Angustifolia: It is also used for medical purposes.
   • Echinaacea pale.

4. Echinacea forms:

   • Extract: liquid extract, standardized in terms of the content of active substances.
   • Capsules: Echinacea powder in capsules.
   • Tablets.
   • Tea.

5. Dosage:

   • Depends on the type of echinacea and form of release. Follow the instructions on the packaging.
   • Security: usually well tolerated. Possible side effects (allergic reactions, stomach disorders). Not recommended for people with autoimmune diseases.

6. Interactions with drugs:

   • Immunosuppressors: Echinacea can reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressors.
   • Antifungal drugs: some antifungal drugs can affect the metabolism of echinacea.

E. Black Buzina (Sambucus Nigra)

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Antiviral activity: inhibiting replication of influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses. Binding with viral proteins and preventing the penetration of the virus into the cells.
   • Antioxidant activity: High content of anthocyans.
   • Stimulation of the production of cytokines.

2. Scientific research:

   • Influence on the duration and severity of the influenza: clinical studies show that black bezine extract can reduce the duration and severity of the symptoms of influenza.
   • Influence on a cold: Studies on the effect of black bezine on the symptoms of a cold.

3. Black Bozines:

   • Extract: liquid extract, standardized in content of anthocyans.
   • Syrup: Sweet syrup with black bezine extract.
   • Capsules.
   • Tablets.
   • Tea.

4. Dosage:

   • Depends on the form of release. Follow the instructions on the packaging.
   • Security: usually well tolerated. It is not recommended to use raw berries of an elderberry, as they contain cyanogenic glycosides.

5. Interactions with drugs:

   • Diuretics: Black Buzina has a diuretic effect and can enhance the effect of diuretics.
   • Laxatives: Black Buzina has a laxative effect and can enhance the effect of laxatives.

F. Probiotics

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Support for intestinal microbiots: an increase in the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine.
   • Stimulation of the immune system: interaction with immune cells in the intestines. Increased production of antibodies Iga.
   • Improving the barrier function of the intestine: preventing the penetration of pathogens through the intestinal wall.
   • Inflammation regulation.

2. Scientific research:

   • The impact on the incidence of respiratory infections: analysis of meta-analyzes and clinical studies. Reducing the incidence of respiratory infections in children and adults taking probiotics.
   • Influence on the duration of a cold: reducing the duration of symptoms of colds.

3. Types of probiotics:

   • Lactobacillus: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum.
   • Bifidobacterium: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve.
   • Saccharomyces: Saccharomyces boulardii.

4. Forms of probiotics:

   • Capsules.
   • Tablets.
   • Powders.
   • Liquid forms.
   • Food: yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut.

5. Dosage:

   • Depends on the type of probiotic and the purpose of admission. The recommended dose is usually 1-10 billion Co (colony-forming units) per day.
   • Security: usually tolerate well. Possible side effects (bloating, gases).

6. Interactions with drugs:

   • Antibiotics: probiotics can reduce the negative effects of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota. Probiotics should be taken a few hours after taking antibiotics.

G. Garlic (Allium sativum)

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Antimicrobial activity: Allikin, the active substance of garlic, has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties.
   • Stimulation of the immune system: an increase in the activity of immune cells.
   • Antioxidant activity.

2. Scientific research:

   • Influence on the incidence and duration of colds: clinical studies show that garlic can reduce the incidence and duration of colds.

3. Forms of garlic:

   • Fresh garlic: the most effective form.
   • Garlic powder.
   • Garlic extract.
   • Garlic oil.
   • Capsules.
   • Tablets.

4. Dosage:

   • 1-2 cloves of fresh garlic per day.
   • The dosage of garlic extract depends on the concentration. Follow the instructions on the packaging.
   • Security: usually well tolerated. Possible side effects (unpleasant odor from the mouth, stomach disorders). It can dilute blood.

5. Interactions with drugs:

   • Anticoagulants: garlic can enhance the effect of anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin).
   • ACE inhibitors: Garlic can enhance the action of ACE inhibitors.

H. L-L-Li

1. The role in the immunity:

   • Antivirus activity: L Lizin competes with the Arginine necessary for replicating the herpes virus. It can suppress the replication of other viruses.
   • Support for the immune system: participates in the synthesis of antibodies.

2. Scientific research:

   • Herpes treatment: L-lysine is widely used to treat herpes (simple herpes, enclosing herpes).
   • Influence on a cold: Studies on the effect of L-lysine on the symptoms of a cold.

3. Forms of L-lysine:

   • Capsules.
   • Tablets.
   • Powder.

4. Dosage:

   • For the treatment of herpes: 1-3 grams per day.
   • For prevention: smaller doses.
   • Security: usually well tolerated. Possible side effects (stomach disorders).

5. Interactions with drugs:

   • It is possible to interact with some amino acids.

III. Other important factors for strengthening immunity:

A. Healthy nutrition:

1. Balanced diet: A sufficient amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
2. The abundance of fruits and vegetables: Sources of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. It is recommended to use at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day.
3. Whole grain products: Sources of fiber.
4. Useful fats: Omega-3 fatty acids (fish, linseed seeds, walnuts).
5. Limiting sugar consumption, processed products and fast food.

B. A sufficient dream:

1. 7-8 hours of sleep per day.
2. Regular sleep mode: Go to bed and get up at the same time every day.
3. Creating comfortable sleep conditions: Dark, quiet and cool room.

C. Stress management:

1. Regular physical exercises.
2. Meditation and relaxation.
3. Hobbies and hobbies.
4. Communication with friends and relatives.

D. Regular physical activity:

1. Moderate physical exercises: 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
2. Aerobic exercises: Walking, running, swimming, cycling.

E. Hygiene:

1. Regular hand washing: Especially after visiting public places, before food and after coughing or sneezing.
2. The use of hand antiseptics.
3. Avoiding the touch of the face with your hands.
4. Regular cleaning of the house.
5. I ventilation of the premises.

F. Refusal of smoking and restriction of alcohol use.

G. Vaccination:

1. Influenza vaccination: An annual flu vaccination is recommended.
2. Vaccination from other infections: Pneumococcal vaccine, vaccine from Covid-19.

IV. Cautions and consultations with a specialist:

A. Individual intolerance:

1. Allergic reactions to dietary supplements.
2. Individual characteristics of the body.

B. Interaction with drugs:

1. The importance of informing the doctor about the admission of dietary supplements.
2. Possible negative interactions.

C. Chronic diseases:

1. Consultation with a doctor before taking dietary supplements in the presence of chronic diseases.
2. The effect of dietary supplements on the course of diseases.

D. Pregnancy and breastfeeding:

1. Restrictions on receiving dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
2. Consultation with a doctor.

E. Children’s age:

1. The need to consult a pediatrician before receiving dietary supplements by children.
2. Dosages for children.

F. The importance of consulting with a doctor or nutritionist to develop an individual dietary supplement plan.

V. Future research areas:

A. The study of the influence of dietary supplements on immunity, taking into account the genetic characteristics of a person.

B. Development of new dietary supplements with higher bioavailability and efficiency.

C. Conducting large -scale clinical research to confirm the efficiency and safety of dietary supplements.

VI. Frequently asked questions (FAQ):

(This section would consist of common questions about the topics covered, such as:

• «Can dietary supplements completely prevent a cold?»
• «What dietary supplements are most effective for children?»
• «How long can you take vitamin C in high doses?»
• «Are there any side effects from taking echinacea?»
• «How to choose the right probiotics?»
• «What time of the day is it best to take vitamin D?»
• «Can zinc caused copper deficiency?»
• «How to distinguish a cold from a flu?»
• «What food products best strengthen immunity?»
• «How does a dream affect immunity?»)

Each question would be answered in detail, referencing information from the previous sections of the article.

VII. Terms Dictionary:

(This section would provide definitions for key terms used throughout the article, such as:

• Antibodies
• Antioxidant
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Inflammation
• Immunity
• The immune system
• Immunoglobuline
• Interferon
• Intestinal microbiota
• Leukocytes
• Macrophages
• Neutrophils
• Probiotics
• Cytokines)

VIII. List of literature:

(This section would list all the scientific articles, books, and websites used as sources for the information in the article, formatted according to a consistent citation style.)

This expanded outline provides a comprehensive framework for the 100,000-word article. Each section and sub-section should be extensively researched and written in a clear, accessible style. The article should be SEO-optimized by incorporating relevant keywords throughout the text. To reach the 100,000-word count, each point within the outline needs to be elaborated upon with considerable detail, providing in-depth explanations, examples, and supporting evidence. This structure aims to create a detailed and informative guide on the top supplements for immunity during colds.