Testosterone dietary supplements: myths and reality

Testosterone dietary supplements: myths and reality

I. Understanding testosterone: fundamental aspects

1. Biochemistry Testosterone: Testosterone, steroid hormone from the androgens group, is synthesized mainly in the cells of the leydiga of the testes in men and in small quantities in the ovaries in women, as well as in the adrenal glands in both sexes. The synthesis begins with cholesterol, which, through a complex sequence of enzymatic reactions, including enzymes CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1 and 17β-HSD, turns into testosterone. The speed and effectiveness of these reactions can depend on the genetic factors, age, health and the presence of the necessary cofactors, such as zinc and magnesium. The regulation of the synthesis of testosterone is carried out by a hypothalamic-pituitary-leg axis (GGG-OS). Hypotalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRG), which stimulates the pituitary gland to the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH, in turn, stimulates Leydig’s cells in testos to the production of testosterone. FSG plays a role in spermatogenesis. Testosterone has a negative reverse effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, regulating its own secretion. This ensures the maintenance of a relatively stable level of the hormone in the blood.

2. Testosterone functions in the body of a man: Testosterone plays a critical role in many physiological processes in men, including:

   • Development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics: During puberty, testosterone contributes to the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as hair growth on the face and body, coarsening of the voice, an increase in muscle mass and the development of male genital organs. It is also necessary to maintain these features throughout life.

   • Spermatogenes: Testosterone is absolutely necessary for the normal production of sperm in testes. It stimulates the cells of the Certoli, which support and nourish developing spermatozoa. Testosterone deficiency can lead to a decrease in the number of sperm and infertility.

   • Muscle mass and strength: Testosterone has an anabolic effect, contributing to the synthesis of protein and the growth of muscle tissue. It also increases strength and endurance. A decrease in testosterone levels can lead to a loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and a decrease in strength.

   • Bone density: Testosterone plays an important role in maintaining bone density. It stimulates the activity of osteoblasts, cells that form a new bone tissue. The low level of testosterone can lead to osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures.

   • Libido and sexual function: Testosterone is the main hormone that determines sexual desire and sexual function in men. It affects the erectile function, orgasm and general sexual satisfaction.

   • Mood and cognitive functions: Testosterone affects mood, energy and cognitive functions, such as memory and concentration. The low level of testosterone can lead to fatigue, irritability, depression and a decrease in cognitive abilities.

   • Fat distribution: Testosterone affects the distribution of fat in the body. It contributes to the deposition of fat in the muscles and reduces the deposition of fat in the abdomen. A decrease in testosterone levels can lead to an increase in fat mass, especially in the abdomen.

   • Production of red blood cells: Testosterone stimulates the production of erythropoetin, hormone, which contributes to the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow. The low level of testosterone can lead to anemia.

3. The normal range and factors affecting testosterone levels: The normal range of testosterone levels in men varies depending on the age, laboratory and the analysis method used. As a rule, a range from 300 to 1000 ng/dl (nanograms per deciliter) for general testosterone is considered normal. However, it is important to consider that the «normal» range may not reflect the optimal level for a particular person. Some men can feel good and have a normal level of testosterone, while others may experience symptoms of testosterone deficiency, even if their level is within the «normal» range. There are also tests for free testosterone, which is a biologically active form of the hormone, and it can be more informative than the general testosterone.

   Many factors can affect testosterone levels, including:

   • Age: The level of testosterone usually reaches a peak in late adolescence and early adulthood, and then gradually decreases by about 1-2% after 30 years. This is a natural process, known as Andropausa or Male Climax.

   • Weight: Obesity is associated with a lower level of testosterone. The adipose tissue contains an enzyme aromatase that turns testosterone into estrogen, which can reduce testosterone levels.

   • Diet: The insufficient consumption of calories, proteins, fats and certain vitamins and minerals (for example, zinc and vitamin D) can negatively affect the level of testosterone. On the other hand, a diet rich in processed products, sugar and unhealthy fats can also reduce testosterone levels.

   • Dream: The lack of sleep (less than 7-8 hours a day) can significantly reduce testosterone levels. Testosterone is mainly produced during sleep, so a sufficient amount of sleep is necessary to maintain the normal level of the hormone.

   • Stress: Chronic stress can increase the level of cortisol, stress hormone, which can suppress testosterone production.

   • Physical activity: Regular physical exercises, especially strength training, can increase testosterone levels. However, excessive training without sufficient rest and nutrition can lead to a decrease in testosterone levels.

   • Diseases: Some diseases, such as hypogonadism, Klainfelter syndrome, pituitary tumors and chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, can reduce testosterone levels.

   • Medicines: Some drugs, such as opioid analgesics, corticosteroids, antidepressants and antihypertensive drugs, can reduce testosterone levels.

   • Alcohol abuse and drugs: The abuse of alcohol and drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, can negatively affect the level of testosterone.

4. Symptoms of low level of testosterone (hypogonadism): Symptoms of low level of testosterone can vary from person to person and may include:

   • Decrease in libido (sex drive)
   • Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
   • Reducing muscle mass and strength
   • Increase fat mass, especially in the abdomen
   • Fatigue and weakness
   • Depression and irritability
   • Reducing cognitive functions (memory, concentration)
   • Hair loss on the body and face
   • Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)
   • Reduced bone density (osteoporosis)
   • Reducing the size of the testicles
   • Infertility

   If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor to examine and determine the level of testosterone. Diagnosis of hypogonadism requires not only a blood test, but also the assessment of the clinical picture and the exclusion of other possible causes of symptoms.

II. Overview of dietary supplements positioned as «Testosterone booster»

1. Classification of dietary supplements: The dietary supplements, positioned as beusters of testosterone, can be conditionally divided into several categories depending on their alleged mechanism of action:

   • Plant extracts: This category includes dietary supplements containing plant extracts, such as Tertris tribulus, long -leaved euricoma (Tongkat Ali), Coshen Cloth, Pyruanskaya Maku, Ashvaganda and others. It is believed that these plants can stimulate testosterone production, improve libido, increase energy and improve sports results.

   • Vitamins and minerals: This category includes dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, boron, vitamin B6 and others. It is believed that these nutrients play an important role in the synthesis of testosterone and maintaining its normal level.

   • Amino acids: This category includes dietary supplements containing amino acids, such as D-asparaginic acid (DAA), L-arginine and others. It is believed that the DAA can stimulate the production of LH and testosterone, and L-arginine can improve blood flow and erectile function.

   • Other connections: This category includes dietary supplements containing other compounds, such as Diindolilmetan (DIM), which is considered the estrogen module, and arachidonic acid, which is considered an anabolic agent.

2. The most common ingredients and their alleged action mechanisms: Let’s look at some of the most common ingredients in dietary supplements for testosterone and their alleged action mechanisms:

   • Tribulus Terrestris Tribulus: This is a plant that is traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to improve libido and treat erectile dysfunction. It is believed that the tribulus contains saponins, such as proto -scenes, which can stimulate the production of LH and testosterone. However, the scientific studies of the tribulus Terrytris showed conflicting results. Some studies have shown an improvement in libido and erectile function in men with a low level of testosterone, while other studies have not shown any impact on testosterone levels or sports results.

   • Eurycoma Long -leaved (Eurycoma Longifolia) or Tongkat Ali: This plant, growing in Southeast Asia, which is traditionally used to improve libido, increase energy and treat erectile dysfunction. It is believed that Tongkat Ali contains compounds that can stimulate testosterone production, improve sperm quality and reduce cortisol levels. Some studies have shown that Tongkat Ali can increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone levels, improve libido and erectile function, as well as increase muscle strength and endurance. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

   • Fenugreek (Fenugreek): This is a plant that is used as a spice and a drug for many centuries. It is believed that the fences contains compounds that can inhibit an aromatase enzyme that turns testosterone into estrogen, which can increase the level of testosterone. Some studies have shown that the fencing can increase testosterone levels, improve libido and erectile function, as well as increase muscle strength and endurance. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

   • Maka Peruvian (Maca): This plant, growing in the Andes, which is traditionally used to increase energy, improve libido and fertility. It is believed that poppy contains compounds that can affect hormonal balance and improve sexual function. However, poppy does not increase the level of testosterone directly. Some studies have shown that poppy can improve libido, erectile function and sperm quality, but does not affect testosterone levels.

   • Ashwaganda (Ashwagandha): This is a plant that is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to reduce stress, increase energy and improve the general state of health. It is believed that Ashvaganda has adaptogenic properties that can help the body cope with stress and improve hormonal balance. Some studies have shown that Ashvagand can increase testosterone levels, improve libido, increase muscle strength and endurance, and reduce cortisol levels.

   • Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays an important role in many physiological processes, including testosterone synthesis. The low level of vitamin D is associated with a low level of testosterone. Some studies have shown that vitamin D intake can increase testosterone levels in men with vitamin D.

   • Zinc: Zinc is an important mineral for testosterone synthesis. Zinc deficiency can lead to a decrease in testosterone levels. Taking zinc can increase the level of testosterone in men with zinc deficiency.

   • Magnesium: Magnesium also plays an important role in the synthesis of testosterone. Magnesium deficiency can lead to a decrease in testosterone levels. Taking magnesium can increase the level of testosterone, especially in men engaged in physical exercises.

   • D-asparaginic acid (DAA): This is an amino acid that plays a role in the development of LH and testosterone. It is believed that DAA can stimulate the production of LH and testosterone. Some studies have shown that DAA can increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone, but other studies have not shown any effect.

3. Marketing statements against scientific validity: It is very important to critically evaluate marketing statements regarding dietary supplements for testosterone. Many dietary supplements use aggressive marketing strategies to convince consumers of the effectiveness of their products. They often make unreasonable statements about increasing testosterone levels, improving libido, increasing muscle mass and strength, as well as improving sports results.

   It is important to remember that many of these statements are not backed up by scientific evidence. Many studies conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary supplements have small samples, poor quality of the methodology and are funded by manufacturers of these dietary supplements. Therefore, the results of these studies should be interpreted with caution.

   Before buying a dieter for testosterone, it is important to conduct your own study and get acquainted with scientific literature. Make sure that there is scientific evidence confirming the manufacturer’s statements, and pay attention to the sample size, research methodology and a source of financing. It is also important to consult a doctor or other qualified specialist in the field of healthcare to discuss possible risks and advantages of bad.

III. Analysis of scientific research: evidence and disadvantages

1. Objective assessment of the evidence base for each ingredient: When analyzing scientific literature dedicated to diets for testosterone, it is important to consider several factors:

   • Sample size: Studies with a large sample size are usually more reliable than research with a small sample size.

   • Research methodology: Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) are the «gold standard» to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs and dietary supplements. In RCTs, participants are randomly distributed into groups that receive either an active drug or a placebo (dummy). This helps to exclude bias and allows you to more accurately evaluate the effect of the drug.

   • Control group: The presence of a control group receiving placebo is necessary to compare the results and determine whether the active drug really has an effect.

   • Blindness: Ideally, research should be double blind, that is, neither participants nor researchers should know who receives an active drug and who is a placebo. This helps to exclude bias.

   • Source of financing: It is important to consider the source of research financing. Studies financed by dietary supplements can be biased in favor of the product.

   • The quality of the ingredients: The quality of the ingredients in the dietary supplement may vary from the manufacturer to the manufacturer. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers who use high -quality ingredients and adhere to strict quality control standards.

   • Dosage: The dosage of ingredients in the dietary supplement should be effective, but safe. It is important to follow the dosage recommendations indicated on the product label, and not exceed the recommended dose.

2. Critical shortcomings in research: bias, small sample size, lack of control: Many studies devoted to testosterone dietary supplements suffer from serious disadvantages that make it difficult to interpret the results. The most common disadvantages include:

   • Bias: Many studies are financed by dietary supplements, which can lead to bias in favor of the product. There may also be a bias in the selection of participants, the interpretation of the results and the publication of the results.

   • Small sizes of sample: Many studies are small in sample size, which reduces statistical power and complicates the identification of significant effects.

   • Lack of control: Many studies do not have a control group receiving placebo, which makes it difficult to determine whether the active drug really has an effect.

   • Poor quality of the methodology: Many studies have poor quality methodology, which can lead to inaccurate results. For example, randomization, blinding or standardization of protocols may be absent.

   • The heterogeneity of the results: The results of research on the same Bad are often contradictory. This may be due to the differences in the dosage, the quality of the ingredients, the research methodology and the characteristics of the participants.

3. The role of a placebo effect in the studies of «Testosterone Boasters»: A placebo effect is a phenomenon in which the study participants have an improvement in symptoms or health conditions after taking a placebo (dummy), which does not contain an active ingredient. The placebo effect can be very strong, especially in studies devoted to subjective symptoms such as libido, energy and mood.

   In the studies of «testosterone boosters», a placebo effect can play a significant role. Participants who believe that they take dietary supplement, which will increase the level of testosterone, may experience improvement of libido, energy and mood, even if the dietary supplement does not contain an active ingredient. Therefore, it is important that the studies of the «testosterone boosters» include a control group receiving placebo so that the dietary supplement effect from the placebo effect can be separated.

IV. Risks and side effects of dietary supplements for testosterone

1. Potential side effects associated with each ingredient: Despite the fact that dietary supplements for testosterone are often positioned as “natural” and “safe”, they can cause side effects. Side effects can vary depending on the ingredient, dosage and individual characteristics of the body. Some of the most common side effects associated with dietary supplements for testosterone include:

   • TRIBULUS TERRSTIS: It can cause a stomach disorder, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In rare cases, hepatotoxicity (liver damage) can cause.

   • The eurecoma is long -leaved (Tongkat Ali): It can cause insomnia, irritability and anxiety. In rare cases, it can cause an increase in blood pressure.

   • Fenugreek: It can cause a stomach disorder, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It can also cause allergic reactions in people with allergies to peanuts or other legumes.

   • Maka Peruvian: Usually it is well tolerated, but can cause stomach disorder, bloating and flatulence.

   • Ashwaganda: It can cause drowsiness, stomach disorder and diarrhea. In rare cases, hepatotoxicity (liver damage) can cause.

   • Vitamin D: When taking large doses, can cause hypercalcemia (increasing the level of calcium in the blood), which can lead to nausea, vomiting, constipation and renal stones.

   • Zinc: When taking large doses, it can cause a stomach disorder, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It can also interfere with the assimilation of copper.

   • Magnesium: When taking large doses, it can cause diarrhea.

   • D-asparaginic acid (DAA): It can cause stomach disorder, headache and irritability.

2. Interaction with drugs and existing diseases: Testosterone dietary supplements can interact with drugs and aggravate existing diseases. It is important to consult a doctor before taking Bad, especially if you take any medicine or suffer from any disease. Some of the most important interactions include:

   • Anticoagulants (thinning blood): Some dietary supplements, such as the fencing, can enhance the effect of anticoagulants, which can lead to bleeding.

   • Antidiabetic drugs: Some dietary supplements, such as the fencing, can reduce blood sugar, which may require adjustments to the dose of antidiabetic drugs.

   • Antihypertensive drugs (reducing blood pressure): Some dietary supplements, such as Tongkat Ali, can increase blood pressure, which can reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.

   • Hormonal drugs: Testosterone dietary supplements can affect hormonal balance and interact with hormonal drugs such as testosterone replacement therapy (TZT) and contraceptives.

   • Liver and kidney diseases: Some dietary supplements can be hepatotoxic (damaging the liver) or nephrotoxic (kidney damaging). People with liver diseases or kidneys should avoid taking dietary supplements for testosterone.

   • Prostate cancer: Theoretically, an increase in testosterone levels can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer. Men with prostate cancer or high risk of developing prostate cancer should avoid taking dietary supplements for testosterone.

3. Problems with the quality and regulation of dietary supplements: Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not subject to strict regulation by state bodies, such as FDA (Office for Sanitary Supervision of the quality of food and medicines) in the United States. This means that dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to prove the efficiency or safety of their products before selling it. There may also be problems with the quality and composition of dietary supplements. Some dietary supplements may contain the ingredients not indicated on the label, or contain the ingredients in dosages other than the declared. Some dietary supplements can be polluted by harmful substances such as heavy metals or medicines.

   To minimize the risks associated with the reception of dietary supplements, it is important:

   • Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers who adhere to strict quality control standards.

   • Check the product label for information about the composition, dosage and manufacturer.

   • To avoid dietary supplements that make unfounded statements or contain ingredients that you are not familiar with.

   • Consult a doctor or other qualified specialist in the field of health care before admitting Bad.

V. Alternative approaches to increasing testosterone levels naturally

1. Diet and food: A balanced diet rich in whole products can help maintain a healthy level of testosterone. It is important to use a sufficient amount of calories, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It is also important to consume a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, zinc and magnesium. Some products that can help increase testosterone levels include:

   • Products rich in zinc: Oysters, red meat, poultry, nuts and seeds.

   • Products rich in vitamin D: Bold fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), egg yolks and enriched products (milk, flakes).

   • Products rich in magnesium: Green sheet vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes and whole grains.

   • Healthy fats: Avocado, olive oil, nuts and seeds.

   It is also important to avoid products that can reduce testosterone levels, such as:

   • Processed products: Fast foods, semi -finished products and foods with a high sugar content and unhealthy fats.

   • Alcohol: Alcohol abuse can reduce testosterone levels.

   • Soy products: Soya contains phytoestrogens that can reduce testosterone levels.

2. Exercise: Regular physical exercises, especially strength training, can increase testosterone levels. Power training stimulates the production of testosterone, which contributes to the growth of muscle mass and strength. It is important to train with sufficient intensity and give muscles the time to restore. Cardial loads are also useful, such as running, swimming and riding a bicycle, but they do not have such a strong effect on testosterone levels as strength training.

3. Sleep and stress management: Done lack and chronic stress can reduce testosterone levels. It is important to sleep enough time (7-8 hours a day) and learn to manage stress. Some stress control methods include:

   • Meditation: Meditation can help reduce the level of cortisol, stress hormone, which can suppress testosterone production.

   • Yoga: Yoga can help reduce stress, improve flexibility and increase energy.

   • Natural walks: Natural walks can help reduce stress and improve mood.

   • Communication with friends and family: Communication with friends and family can help reduce stress and feel happier and satisfied.

4. Medical interventions: TZT (testosterone replacement therapy) and its risks/Advantages: Testosterone replacement therapy (TZT) is a medical procedure in which testosterone is introduced into the body to increase testosterone levels. TZT can be prescribed for men with diagnosed hypogonadism (low testosterone levels), who have symptoms of testosterone deficiency. TZT can be effective for alleviating symptoms of hypogonadism, such as a decrease in libido, erectile dysfunction, a decrease in muscle mass and strength, fatigue and depression.

   However, the TZT is also associated with some risks that must be taken into account:

   • Prostate cancer: TZT can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer. Men with prostate cancer or high risk of developing prostate cancer should avoid TZT.

   • Cardiovascular diseases: Some studies have shown that TZT can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as a heart attack and stroke.

   • Breast enlargement (gynecomastia): TZT can cause breast augmentation.

   • Sleep deterioration (Apna of sleep): TZT can worsen sleep apnea.

   • PolycyTemia (an increase in the number of red blood cells): TZT can cause polycythemia, which can increase the risk of thrombosis.

   • Infertility: TZT can suppress sperm production and lead to infertility.

   TZT should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. Before the start of the TZT, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination in order to exclude contraindications and evaluate the risks and advantages of TZT. During the TZT, it is necessary to regularly take blood tests to control the level of testosterone and other indicators.

VI. Practical recommendations and conclusions

1. A critical approach to marketing statements of dietary supplements: Always treat the marketing statements of dietary supplements for testosterone. Do not believe everything that is written on the product label. Remember that many marketing statements are not backed up by scientific evidence and may be misleading. Conduct your own research and read scientific literature before buying dietary supplements. Consult a doctor or other qualified specialist in the field of healthcare to discuss possible risks and advantages of bad.

2. Priority to a healthy lifestyle and consultation with a doctor: Before considering the possibility of taking dietary supplements for testosterone, focus on improving your lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular physical exercises, a sufficient amount of sleep and stress can help maintain a healthy level of testosterone. If you experience low -level symptoms of testosterone, consult a doctor to examine and determine the cause of the symptoms. The doctor can prescribe blood tests to you to determine the level of testosterone and other hormones. If your hypogonadism is diagnosed, the doctor can recommend you TZT or other treatment options.

3. Responsible choice of dietary supplements, if necessary: If you still decide to take a dietary supplement for testosterone, choose products from reliable manufacturers who adhere to strict quality control standards. Check the product label for information about the composition, dosage and manufacturer. Avoid dietary supplements that make unfounded statements or contain ingredients that you are not familiar with. Follow your well-being and immediately stop taking the dietary supplement if you have any side effects.

4. Future research in the field of «testosterone boosters»: Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements for testosterone. Studies should be randomized controlled research with a large sample size, good quality of methodology and independent financing. Studies should be aimed at studying the influence of dietary supplements on the level of testosterone, libido, erectile function, muscle mass and strength, as well as other health indicators. It is also necessary to conduct research to study the interaction of dietary supplements with drugs and existing diseases. In the future, new and more effective dietary supplements for testosterone may appear, but until then it is important to remain skeptical and rely on scientific evidence.

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