The best dietary supplements for immunity for children: Complete guidance for parents
Chapter 1: Children’s immunity: Fundamentals and importance
Immunity, a complex network of cells, tissues and organs, is the main protective line of the body against harmful invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. In children, the immune system is in the stage of active development, which makes them more susceptible to infections, especially at an early age.
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Inborn immunity: This is the first line of protection with which the child is born. It includes physical barriers, such as leather and mucous membranes, as well as cells and phagocytes that immediately attack pathogens.
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Acquired immunity: This type of immunity develops over time when the child is exposed to various antigens (substances that cause an immune response). It includes B cells that produce antibodies and T cells that destroy infected cells.
Factors affecting children’s immunity:
Many factors can affect the strength and effectiveness of the child’s immune system:
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Genetics: Some children are genetically predisposed to more strong or weak immunity.
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Nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, is necessary to maintain optimal immune function.
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Dream: A sufficient dream is crucial for the restoration and strengthening of the immune system. The lack of sleep can weaken the immune response.
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Stress: Chronic stress, even in children, can suppress the immune system.
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Intestinal microbia: Healthy intestinal microbia, consisting of trillions of beneficial bacteria, plays an important role in immune regulation.
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Vaccination: Vaccination helps the body to develop immunity to specific diseases without the risk of disease.
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Environmental impact: Air pollution, smoking and other environmental factors can weaken the immune system.
Signs of weakened immunity in children:
- Frequent infections (more than 6-8 colds per year).
- Infections that are difficult to treat.
- Slow wound healing.
- Chronic fatigue.
- Digestive problems (diarrhea, constipation).
- Allergies.
- Autoimmune diseases (in rare cases).
The importance of consulting a doctor:
Before giving a child any additives for immunity, you need to consult a pediatrician. The doctor will be able to assess the state of health of the child, identify any basic problems and recommend suitable additives and dosage. Self -medication can be dangerous.
Chapter 2: Vitamins for immunity for children
Vitamins play a key role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Here are some of the most important vitamins for children’s immunity:
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):
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Role: A powerful antioxidant that protects the cells from damage by free radicals. It stimulates the production of leukocytes (white blood cells) that fight infections. Promotes wound healing.
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Sources: Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits), berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries), kiwi, bell pepper, broccoli, spinach.
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Supplements: Available in various forms, including chewing tablets, liquids and powders. It is important to follow the recommended dosage in order to avoid side effects.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 15 mg per day
- 4-8 years: 25 mg per day
- 9-13 years old: 45 mg per day
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Vitamin D (cholegalciferol):
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Role: Plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Activates immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, helping them fight infections. It helps to maintain a healthy level of calcium and phosphorus necessary for the health of bones.
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Sources: Sunlight (the body produces vitamin D under the influence of sunlight), fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), egg yolks, enriched products (milk, cereals).
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Supplements: Especially important in the winter months, when the effects of sunlight is limited. Available in the form of drops, tablets and chewing tablets.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-18 years: 600 IU (international units) per day
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Vitamin A (Retinol):
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Role: Supports the health of the mucous membranes, which are an important barrier against infections. It is necessary for the normal function of immune cells.
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Sources: Carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, spinach, liver, eggs, dairy products.
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Supplements: It should be used with caution, since the excess of vitamin A can be toxic.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 300 μg RE (retinol equivalent) per day
- 4-8 years: 400 μg RE per day
- 9-13 years old: 600 μg RE per day
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Vitamin E (Tokoferol):
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Role: An antioxidant that protects the cells from damage by free radicals. Improves the function of immune cells.
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Sources: Vegetable oils (sunflower, olive, soy), nuts (almonds, hazelnuts), seeds (sunflower), avocado, spinach.
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Supplements: Usually it is not required if the child adheres to a balanced diet.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 6 mg per day
- 4-8 years: 7 mg per day
- 9-13 years old: 11 mg per day
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B vitamins B:
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Role: They play an important role in energy exchange and maintaining the health of the nervous system. Some B vitamins, such as B6, B12 and folic acid, are necessary for the normal function of immune cells.
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Sources: Whole grain products, meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, green leafy vegetables.
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Supplements: Usually not required if the child adheres to a balanced diet.
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Chapter 3: Minerals for immunity for children
Minerals also play an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Here are some of the most important minerals for children’s immunity:
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Zinc:
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Role: It is necessary for the normal function of immune cells, such as T cells and NK cells (natural killers). Helps fight infections and heal wounds.
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Sources: Meat, seafood, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grain products.
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Supplements: It can be useful for children with zinc deficiency or for those who often get sick. Available in the form of tablets, syrups and loafers.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 3 mg per day
- 4-8 years: 5 mg per day
- 9-13 years old: 8 mg per day
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Iron:
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Role: It is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, which tolerates oxygen to all cells of the body, including immune cells. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells.
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Sources: Red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, green leafy vegetables, enriched cereals.
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Supplements: It can be necessary for children with iron deficiency anemia. It should be used with caution, since the excess of iron can be harmful.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 7 mg per day
- 4-8 years: 10 mg per day
- 9-13 years old: 8 mg per day
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Selenium:
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Role: An antioxidant that protects the cells from damage by free radicals. Improves the function of immune cells.
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Sources: Seafood, Brazilian nuts, meat, poultry, eggs, whole grain products.
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Supplements: Usually not required if the child adheres to a balanced diet.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 20 μg per day
- 4-8 years: 30 μg per day
- 9-13 years: 40 mcg per day
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Copper:
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Role: It is necessary for the normal function of immune cells. Helps the body to absorb iron.
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Sources: Seafood, nuts, seeds, legumes, liver, mushrooms.
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Supplements: Usually not required if the child adheres to a balanced diet.
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Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required):
- 1-3 years: 340 mcg per day
- 4-8 years: 440 mcg per day
- 9-13 years old: 700 mcg per day
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Chapter 4: Probiotics for immunity for children
Probiotics are living microorganisms that bring health benefits when they are used in sufficient quantities. They play an important role in maintaining a healthy intestinal microbioma, which, in turn, affects the immune system.
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The role of probiotics in immunity:
- Strengthening the intestinal barrier: Probiotics help strengthen the intestinal mucosa, preventing the penetration of harmful bacteria and toxins into the bloodstream.
- The stimulation of the immune system: Probiotics stimulate immune cells in the intestines, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, increasing their ability to fight infections.
- Competition with harmful bacteria: Probiotics compete with harmful bacteria for nutrients and space in the intestines, preventing their reproduction and causing diseases.
- Production of useful substances: Some probiotics produce beneficial substances, such as short -chain fatty acids (KCHK), which have anti -inflammatory effects and support the intestinal health.
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Types of probiotics useful for children:
- Lactobacillus: One of the most common types of probiotics. Helps with diarrhea, colic and respiratory infections. Examples: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus.
- Bifidobacterium: Also a common type of probiotics, especially in the intestines of infants. Helps with constipation, irritable intestine (SRK) and allergies. Examples: Bifidobacterium child, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum.
- Saccharomyces boulardii: The type of yeast that is used to treat diarrhea associated with antibiotics.
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Sources of probiotics:
- Enzymed products: Yogurt (with living and active crops), kefir, sauer cabbage, kimchi, Miso.
- Supplements: Available in the form of drops, powders, chewing tablets and capsules.
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Choosing a probiotic supplement for a child:
- Consult a doctor: Before giving a child a probiotic supplement, you need to consult a doctor, especially if the child has any health problems.
- Choose proven brands: Look for additives from famous and reliable manufacturers.
- Pay attention to the number of bacteria: Choose additives containing a sufficient amount of bacteria (usually measured in a certain colony -forming units).
- Consider the age of the child: Some additives are designed specifically for babies and children.
- Follow the reaction of the child: Carefully observe the child after the start of the probiotics to make sure that he has no side effects.
Chapter 5: Other dietary supplements for immunity for children
In addition to vitamins, minerals and probiotics, there are other additives that can help support the immune system of children:
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Omega-3 fatty acids:
- Role: They have an anti -inflammatory effect and support cell health. Some studies show that they can improve the function of immune cells.
- Sources: Bold fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), linen seed, chia seeds, walnuts, additives with fish oil or algae oil.
- Recommended dosage (approximate, consultation with a doctor is required): Depends on the age and state of health of the child.
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SOUTINATEA:
- Role: A plant that is traditionally used to treat colds and influenza. It is believed that it stimulates the immune system and helps to fight infections.
- Sources: Available in the form of tea, extracts, capsules and tablets.
- Cautions: Not recommended for children under 2 years of age. It can cause allergic reactions.
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Buzina:
- Role: Busy berries contain antioxidants and have antiviral properties. Some studies show that they can reduce the duration and severity of a cold and influenza.
- Sources: Available in the form of syrups, loafers and capsules.
- Cautions: Raw berries of an elderberry can be toxic.
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Garlic:
- Role: Contains allicin, which has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties.
- Sources: Fresh garlic, garlic powder, garlic capsules.
- Cautions: It can cause stomach irritation.
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Majuka honey:
- Role: It has antibacterial and anti -inflammatory properties.
- Sources: Honey made from Nectar flowers of Manuk in New Zealand.
- Cautions: It is not recommended for children under 1 year old due to the risk of botulism.
Chapter 6: Important tips to maintain healthy immunity in children
In addition to taking additives, there are many other ways to help support a healthy immune system in children:
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Balanced nutrition: Provide the child with a diverse diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat protein and healthy fats. Limit the consumption of sugar, processed products and unhealthy fats.
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Sufficient sleep: Make sure that the child receives enough sleep for his age. The lack of sleep can weaken the immune system.
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Regular physical activity: Encourage the child to regular physical exercises. Physical activity helps to improve blood circulation and stimulates the immune system.
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Hygiene: Teach your child to wash your hands correctly with soap and water, especially after visiting public places, before eating and after coughing or sneezing.
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Reducing stress: Help your child cope with stress. Chronic stress can suppress the immune system.
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Avoid smoking: Do not smoke next to the child. Passive smoking can weaken the immune system.
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Vaccination: Make sure that the child receives all the necessary vaccinations in accordance with the vaccination schedule.
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Fresh air: Encourage the child to spend time in the fresh air when possible.
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Limit the use of antibiotics: Antibiotics should be used only as prescribed by a doctor, as they can destroy beneficial bacteria in the intestines, weakening the immune system.
Chapter 7: Cautions and Security
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Consultation with a doctor: Before giving a child any additives, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician.
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Observe the dosage: Always follow the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging of the additives.
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Side effects: Carefully observe the child after the start of taking the additive to make sure that he has no side effects.
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Interaction with drugs: Some additives can interact with the drugs that the child takes. Tell the doctor about all the additives that the child takes.
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Quality of additives: Choose additives from famous and reliable manufacturers.
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Storage: Keep the additives inaccessible to children.
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Do not replace medicines with additives: Additions should not be used as a replacement of drugs prescribed by a doctor.
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Allergies: Make sure that the child does not have an allergy to the ingredients in addition.
Chapter 8: Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
- Do I need to give the child additives for immunity if he eats balanced?
Even with a balanced diet, children can experience a deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals, especially in the winter months or during periods of increased incidence. Additions can help replenish these deficits and support the immune system. However, before giving the child additives, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- What supplements are best suited to strengthen immunity in a child?
The most important additives for children’s immunity are vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc and probiotics. The doctor may recommend other additives depending on the state of health of the child.
- How long should the child give additives for immunity?
The duration of the reception of additives depends on the individual needs of the child and the recommendations of the doctor. Some additives, such as vitamin D, can be taken all year round, especially in the winter months. Other additives, such as echinacea, should be taken only for a short period of time, when the child feels ill.
- Can additives for immunity cause side effects in children?
Yes, some additives can cause side effects in children, especially if you take them in large doses. The most common side effects include stomach disorder, nausea and diarrhea. If the child has any side effects, stop taking the additive and consult a doctor.
- Is it safe to give a child several additives at the same time?
Giving a child several additives can be unsafe at the same time, as some additives can interact with each other or with the drugs that the child takes. Before giving a child several additives at the same time, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- Where can I buy additives for immunity for children?
Addresses for immunity for children can be bought in pharmacies, healthy food stores and on the Internet. It is important to choose additives from well -known and reliable manufacturers.
- What food products help strengthen immunity in children?
Food, rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, help strengthen immunity in children. These include:
* Фрукты и овощи (особенно цитрусовые, ягоды, болгарский перец, брокколи, шпинат)
* Цельнозерновые продукты (овсянка, коричневый рис, цельнозерновой хлеб)
* Нежирный белок (курица, рыба, бобовые, тофу)
* Полезные жиры (авокадо, орехи, семена, оливковое масло)
* Йогурт (с живыми и активными культурами)- How to help the child cope with stress in order to strengthen his immunity?
There are many ways to help the child cope with stress:
* Создайте спокойную и поддерживающую атмосферу дома.
* Поощряйте ребенка к выражению своих чувств.
* Обеспечьте ребенку достаточно времени для игр и отдыха.
* Научите ребенка техникам релаксации, таким как глубокое дыхание и медитация.
* Обратитесь за помощью к профессиональному психологу, если ребенок испытывает сильный стресс.- How often a child should hurt, so that this is considered normal?
Most children suffer from colds or other respiratory infections 6-8 times a year. This is considered normal, since their immune system is still developing. However, if a child is sick too often or infection is difficult to treat, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- What tests can be taken to check the child’s immunity?
The doctor may prescribe blood tests to check the level of immune cells and antibodies in the child’s body. These tests can help identify any main problems with the immune system.
Chapter 9: Conclusion: an individual approach to immunity
It is important to remember that each child is unique, and there is no universal approach to strengthening immunity. What works for one child may not work for another. The most important thing is to consult a doctor to develop an individual plan that meets your child’s needs. Balanced nutrition, sufficient sleep, regular physical activity and stress management – all these are important components of healthy immunity. Additives can be a useful addition to a healthy lifestyle, but they should not be used as a replacement. Focus on creating healthy habits for your child, and he will have a strong and effective immune system for many years.