Top dietary supplements for immunity in chronic diseases

Top dietary supplements for immunity in chronic diseases: detailed analysis and recommendations

Section 1: Understanding of immunity and its role in chronic diseases

Chronic diseases, such as autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease), diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, hobble) and oncological diseases have a significant effect on the immune system. Often, the immune system is either weakened, which makes a person more susceptible to infections, or, in the case of autoimmune diseases, is hyperactive and attacks the body’s own tissues. Understanding these complex interactions is critical of the development of effective strategies for supporting immunity, especially using biologically active additives (BAD).

1. Fundamentals of the immune system: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body from harmful external factors, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It consists of two main branches:

   • Inborn immunity: This is the first line of protection that reacts quickly and nonspecific to any invaded pathogen. It includes physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), cells (macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells) and inflammatory processes.
   • Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity): This is a slower, but more specific reaction that develops after exposure to antigens (substances that cause an immune response). It includes B cells (produce antibodies) and T cells (destroy infected cells and regulate the immune response).

2. The influence of chronic diseases on the immune system: Chronic diseases can affect the immune system in several ways:

   • Immunosuppression: Some chronic diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and some types of cancer, directly suppress the immune system, making a person more susceptible to infections. Medicines used to treat other chronic diseases (for example, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) can also weaken the immune system.
   • Chronic inflammation: Many chronic diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, which can damage tissues and organs and disrupt the function of the immune system. Chronic inflammation can lead to depletion of immune cells and a decrease in their ability to respond to infections.
   • Disregulation of the immune system: Autoimmune diseases are an example of the dysregulation of the immune system, when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. This can lead to chronic inflammation and damage to organs.
   • Microbiome violation: Chronic diseases and drugs used for their treatment can disrupt the balance of intestinal microbioma, which plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system.

3. The importance of supporting immunity in chronic diseases: Support for immunity is important for people with chronic diseases for several reasons:

   • Reducing the risk of infections: The weakened immune system makes a person more susceptible to infections that can worsen the course of a chronic disease and even lead to death.
   • Improving the quality of life: Support for immunity can help reduce the symptoms of chronic diseases, such as fatigue, pain and inflammation, and improve the overall quality of life.
   • Improving the effectiveness of treatment: Support for immunity can help increase the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic diseases, allowing the body to better respond to drugs and other treatment methods.
   • Slow down the progression of the disease: In some cases, immunity support can help slow down the progression of a chronic disease.

Section 2: Key dietary supplement to support immunity in chronic diseases

When choosing dietary supplements to support immunity in chronic diseases, it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the body, the current state of health and interaction with drugs. Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.

1. Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. It helps to activate T cells that are necessary to combat infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of infections, autoimmune diseases and other chronic diseases.

   • The mechanism of action: Vitamin D associates the vitamin D (VDR) receptor, which is present on many immune cells, including T cells, B cells and macrophages. The binding of vitamin D with VDR regulates the expression of genes involved in the immune response.
   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose of vitamin D varies depending on the age, state of health and level of vitamin D in the blood. In most cases, to maintain the optimal level of vitamin D in the blood, it is recommended to take 2000-5000 IU vitamin D3 per day. People with chronic diseases may require a higher dose.
   • Forms: Vitamin D is available in two main forms: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D2 in an increase in vitamin D levels in the blood.
   • Cautions: When taking high doses of vitamin D, side effects can occur, such as nausea, vomiting, weakness and constipation. People with hypercalcemia (high level of calcium in the blood) should avoid taking high doses of vitamin D.

2. Vitamin C: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the cells from damage to free radicals. It also plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, stimulating the production and function of immune cells.

   • The mechanism of action: Vitamin C stimulates the production and function of neutrophils, macrophages and T cells. It also helps to protect immune cells from damage to free radicals.
   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose of vitamin C is 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men. People with chronic diseases may require a higher dose.
   • Forms: Vitamin C is available in various forms, including ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and liposomal vitamin C. Liposomal vitamin C is better absorbed than other forms of vitamin C.
   • Cautions: When taking high doses of vitamin C, side effects can occur, such as diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain. Vitamin C can interact with some drugs such as warfarin.

3. Zinc: Zinc plays an important role in the development and functioning of immune cells. Zinc deficiency is associated with an increased risk of infections and impaired function of the immune system.

   • The mechanism of action: Zinc is necessary for the development and functioning of T cells, B-cells and NK cells. He also participates in the regulation of inflammatory processes.
   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose of zinc is 8 mg for women and 11 mg for men. People with chronic diseases may require a higher dose.
   • Forms: Zinc is available in various forms, including zinc gluconate, zinc picoline and zinc citrate. Qing Picoline is better absorbed than other forms of zinc.
   • Cautions: When taking high doses of zinc, side effects can occur, such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Zinc can interact with some drugs such as antibiotics.

4. Selenium: Selenium is an important trace element that plays a role in the functioning of the immune system. It helps to protect the cells from damage to free radicals and stimulates the production of immune cells.

   • The mechanism of action: Selenium is a component of glutathioneperoxidase, an antioxidant enzyme that helps protect the cells from damage by free radicals. It also stimulates the production and function of NK cells.
   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose of selenium is 55 mcg for adults. People with chronic diseases may require a higher dose.
   • Forms: Selenium is available in various forms, including selenometionine and sodium selenite. Seleenomeininin is better absorbed than sodium selenite.
   • Cautions: When taking high doses of selenium, side effects can occur, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss and nail damage.

5. Probiotics: Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when taken in sufficient quantities, have a positive effect on health. They help maintain the balance of intestinal microbioma, which plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system.

   • The mechanism of action: Probiotics help maintain the balance of intestinal microbioma, increasing the amount of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the number of harmful bacteria. They also stimulate the production of immune cells and strengthen the barrier function of the intestine.
   • Dosage: The dosage of probiotics varies depending on a specific strain and product. In most cases, it is recommended to take probiotics containing several billions of colony -forming units (CFUs) per day.
   • Forms: Probiotics are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders and fluids.
   • Cautions: In some people, probiotics can cause side effects, such as bloating, gases and diarrhea. People with a weakened immune system should consult a doctor before taking probiotics.

6. Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicopascentenoic acid (EPK) and dairyxaenic acid (DGC), are important to health. They have anti -inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the immune system.

   • The mechanism of action: Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation, regulating the production of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. They also strengthen the barrier function of the intestine and stimulate the production of immune cells.
   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose of omega-3 fatty acids varies depending on the state of health. In most cases, it is recommended to take 1-2 grams of omega-3 fatty acids per day.
   • Forms: Omega-3 fatty acids are available in various forms, including fish oil, crill oil and vegetable oils, such as linseed oil.
   • Cautions: When taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids, side effects can occur, such as nausea, diarrhea and bleeding. Omega-3 fatty acids can interact with some drugs such as anticoagulants.

7. Curcumin: Kurkumin is an active ingredient in turmeric, spices that are widely used in Indian cuisine. It has powerful anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Kurkumin helps reduce inflammation, inhibiting the activity of inflammatory mediators, such as NF-KB and COX-2. It also helps to protect the cells from damage by free radicals.
   • Dosage: The dosage of curcumin varies depending on the specific product and health. In most cases, it is recommended to take 500-2000 mg of curcumin per day. It is important to choose products containing piperin (black pepper extract), which improves the absorption of curcumin.
   • Forms: Kurkumin is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and powders.
   • Cautions: In some people, Kurkumin can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Kurkumin can interact with some drugs such as anticoagulants.

8. SOUTINATEA: Echinacea is a grass that is traditionally used to strengthen the immune system and combat infections.

   • The mechanism of action: Echinacea stimulates the production of immune cells, such as macrophages and NK cells. It also has anti -inflammatory properties.
   • Dosage: The dosage of echinacea varies depending on a particular product. In most cases, it is recommended to take 300-500 mg of echinacea extract 2-3 times a day.
   • Forms: Echinacea is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, liquids and teas.
   • Cautions: In some people, echinacea can cause side effects, such as nausea, headache and allergic reactions. Echinacea should be avoided by people with autoimmune diseases.

9. Black Buzina (Sambucus Nigra): Black elderberry extract is known for its antiviral properties and is often used to alleviate the symptoms of colds and influenza.

   • The mechanism of action: Black Buzina contains anti -vocals that have antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. It can also prevent the penetration of viruses into cells.
   • Dosage: The dosage of the black bezin extract varies depending on the specific product. It is usually recommended to take syrup or capsules in accordance with the instructions on the package.
   • Forms: Black Buzina is available in various forms, including syrups, capsules, candies and teas.
   • Cautions: In some people, Buzin can cause side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. It is not recommended to use immature or raw berries of an elderberry, as they can be toxic.

10. Astragal: Astragal is a grass that is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to strengthen the immune system and increase energy.

    • The mechanism of action: Astragal stimulates the production of immune cells, such as T cells and NK cells. It also has adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress.
    • Dosage: The dosage of the astragal varies depending on the specific product. In most cases, it is recommended to take 200-400 mg of Astragal Extract 2-3 times a day.
    • Forms: Astragal is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders and teas.
    • Cautions: In some people, Astragal can cause side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. Astragal can interact with some drugs such as immunosuppressants. People with autoimmune diseases should consult a doctor before taking Astragal.

Section 3: An individual approach to the choice of dietary supplements and consultations with a doctor

It is important to remember that there is no universal solution to support immunity in chronic diseases. The choice of dietary supplements should be individual and take into account the characteristics of the body, the current state of health and interaction with drugs.

1. Accounting for individual characteristics:

   • Type of chronic disease: Different chronic diseases have a different effect on the immune system. For example, people with autoimmune diseases should avoid dietary supplements that can stimulate the immune system, such as echinacea and astral.
   • Health status: When choosing dietary supplements, it is necessary to take into account the current state of health, the presence of other diseases and the drugs taken.
   • Allergies and sensitivity: It is necessary to take into account the presence of allergies and sensitivity to certain ingredients in dietary supplements.
   • Age and Paul: The needs for vitamins and minerals can vary depending on age and gender.

2. Consultation with a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor will be able to assess the state of health, determine the deficiency of vitamins and minerals and recommend the most suitable dietary supplements and dosage. It is important to inform the doctor about all drugs taken in order to avoid undesirable interactions.

3. Quality and safety of dietary supplements: When choosing dietary supplements, you need to pay attention to the quality and safety of products. You should choose dietary supplements from well -known and reliable manufacturers who test their products for cleanliness and efficiency. It is important to check the availability of quality certificates and reviews of other users.

4. Gradual introduction of dietary supplements: You should start taking new dietary supplements gradually in order to evaluate the reaction of the body and avoid side effects. Several new dietary supplements should not be taken at once.

5. Tracking results: It is important to track the results of the intake of dietary supplements and report any changes in the state of health to the doctor. The doctor may adjust the dosage or recommend other dietary supplements.

Section 4: Additional strategies for strengthening immunity in chronic diseases

In addition to taking dietary supplements, there are other strategies that can help strengthen immunity in chronic diseases.

1. Healthy nutrition: Healthy nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the immune system. It is necessary to consume enough fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat protein and healthy fats. Products, sugar and trans fats should be avoided.

2. Regular physical activity: Regular physical activity helps strengthen the immune system, improve blood circulation and reduce stress. It is recommended to engage in physical exercises of moderate intensity of at least 150 minutes a week.

3. Sufficient sleep: A sufficient dream is important for the health of the immune system. During sleep, the body is restored and strengthens immunity. It is recommended to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.

4. Stress management: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system. It is necessary to learn how to effectively manage stress using methods such as meditation, yoga and deep breathing.

5. Refusal of smoking and moderate alcohol use: Smoking and excessive alcohol use weaken the immune system. It is recommended to refuse smoking and drink alcohol moderately.

6. Vaccination: Vaccination helps to protect against infectious diseases. People with chronic diseases are recommended to regularly undergo vaccination in accordance with the doctor’s recommendations.

7. Hygiene: Compliance with hygiene rules, such as frequent hand washing, helps prevent the spread of infections.

8. Support from family and friends: Social support from family and friends can help improve mood and reduce stress, which positively affects the immune system.

Section 5: Promising directions in studies of immunomodulating dietary supplements

Scientific research in the field of immunology and nutrition is constantly developing, opening new prospects for the use of dietary supplements in supporting immunity in chronic diseases.

1. Studying the influence of microbioma on immunity: More and more studies are devoted to the study of the effect of intestinal microbioma on the immune system. New probiotics and prebiotics are being developed, which can help restore the balance of microbioma and strengthen immunity.

2. Personalized approach to the choice of dietary supplements: Methods of genetic testing and analysis of microbioma are developed, which can help determine individual needs for vitamins and minerals and choose the most suitable dietary supplements.

3. Research of new plant extracts: Studies of new plant extracts are conducted, which have immunomodulating properties. For example, the influence of various mushrooms (Reishi, Shiytake, Matake) on the immune system is studied.

4. Development of nanotechnologies to improve dietary supplements: Nanotechnologies are developed that can improve the assimilation and bioavailability of dietary supplements, which will increase their effectiveness.

5. Studying the effect of vitamin D on various chronic diseases: Studies of vitamin D on various chronic diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, continue.

6. Study of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammation: Studies of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammation with various chronic diseases are carried out.

Section 6: Features of admission of dietary supplements in various chronic diseases

Some chronic diseases require special attention when choosing and taking dietary supplements.

1. Autoimmune diseases: People with autoimmune diseases should avoid dietary supplements that can stimulate the immune system, such as echinacea and astral. It is recommended to take dietary supplements that have anti-inflammatory properties, such as omega-3 fatty acids, turmeric and vitamin D. It is necessary to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements.

2. Cardiovascular diseases: People with cardiovascular diseases are recommended to take dietary supplements that support heart health, such as omega-3 fatty acids, Q10 coenzyme and vitamin D. It is necessary to control the level of cholesterol and blood pressure.

3. Diabetes: People with diabetes are recommended to take dietary supplements that help control blood sugar, such as chrome, alpha-lipoic acid and magnesium. It is necessary to observe a diet and regularly control the blood sugar.

4. Oncological diseases: People with cancer should consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements. Some dietary supplements can interact with drugs used to treat cancer. It is recommended to take dietary supplements that support the immune system and have antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C, vitamin D and selenium.

5. Chronic respiratory diseases: People with chronic respiratory diseases are recommended to take dietary supplements that support lung health, such as vitamin C, vitamin D and quercetin. Smoking and contaminated air must be avoided.

Section 7: Legal and ethical aspects of the use of dietary supplements

It is important to consider the legal and ethical aspects of the use of dietary supplements.

1. Bad regulation: The regulation of dietary supplements varies in different countries. In some countries, dietary supplements are regulated as food products, and in others – as drugs. It is important to know the rules for regulating dietary supplements in your country.

2. Dad marking: The marking of dietary supplements should be clear and understandable. The label should indicate the ingredients, dosage, manufacturer and shelf life.

3. Advertising of dietary supplements: Advertising of dietary supplements should not be misleading and should not promise miraculous healings.

4. Responsibility of manufacturers and sellers of dietary supplements: Manufacturers and sellers of dietary supplements are responsible for the quality and safety of their products.

5. Informed consumption of consumers: Consumers should be informed about the risks and advantages of using dietary supplements.

Section 8: Conclusion (as if it were part of the article)

Support for immunity in chronic diseases is a complex and multifaceted process that requires an individual approach and consult a doctor. Bades can be a useful addition to a healthy lifestyle and medical treatment, but should not be considered as a replacement for full treatment. It is important to remember that the effect of taking dietary supplements can be individual and not always predictable. It is necessary to carefully monitor the reaction of the body and report any changes in the state of health to the doctor. Further research in the field of immunology and nutrition will develop more effective and personalized strategies for supporting immunity in chronic diseases.