Dietary diets for weight loss: contraindications and side effects

Chapter 1: Understanding of dietary supplements for weight loss

Dietary supplements, or biologically active additives, are positioned as means to maintain health, and often, to facilitate the process of losing weight. However, it is important to understand that dietary supplements are not drugs and do not undergo strict quality control and effectiveness, such as medicine. This means that their composition, the declared effects and safety can vary significantly between manufacturers and even different batches of the same product.

1.1. Classification of dietary supplements for weight loss

Literation dietary supplements can be classified according to various mechanisms of action, although many of them use a combination of several approaches:

Thermogenics: These additives contain ingredients that increase body temperature and accelerate metabolism. Often contain caffeine, green tea extract, Sinefrin (from a bitter orange), and yochimbin.
Carbohydrate blockers: These additives prevent digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines. These include pheasolamine (white beans extract) and chrome.
Fat blockers: These additives bind fats in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing their absorption. The most famous representative is chitosan.
Suppliers of appetite: These additives reduce hunger and contribute to saturation. Often contain glucomannan, guar gum, and 5-HTP (5-hydroxyryptophanes).
Diuretics and laxatives: These additives cause a temporary reduction in weight by eliminating the fluid and intestinal contents. Often contain extracts of herbs, such as Senna, Aloe, and the root of rhubarb.
Fat burners: These additives are claimed to contribute to the oxidation of fats and their use as a source of energy. Often contain L-carnitine, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and spogs.
Preparations affecting blood sugar: These additives are aimed at stabilizing the level of glucose in the blood, which, according to manufacturers, can reduce the craving for sweets and improve appetite control. Often contain chrome and extract of Sylvester jimnemes.

1.2. Regulatory aspects of dietary supplements

It is important to understand that dietary supplements are regulated less strictly than drugs. In most countries, dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of the effectiveness and safety of their products before they are putting on the market. Quality control can also be less strict, which increases the risk of falsification and pollution. This means that the consumer should be especially attentive when choosing dietary supplements and take into account potential risks.

Chapter 2: Contraindications to the use of dietary supplements for weight loss

The use of dietary supplements for weight loss can be contraindicated in certain health and circumstances. Before taking any dietary supplement, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have any chronic diseases or take medications.

2.1. General contraindications

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Many ingredients in dietary supplements can be dangerous for the development of the fetus or baby. Studies on the safety of most additives in these groups are limited or absent.
Children and adolescence: The use of dietary supplements for weight loss is not recommended for children and adolescents, since their body is in the stage of active growth and development. Violation of metabolism and hormonal balance caused by dietary supplements can negatively affect their health.
Elderly age: Older people often have concomitant diseases and increased sensitivity to drugs and additives. The use of dietary supplements for weight loss can increase the risk of side effects and interactions with other drugs.
Individual intolerance to components: Before using dietary supplements, it is necessary to carefully study its composition for the presence of ingredients that can cause an allergic reaction or individual intolerance.

2.2. Contraindications for diseases of the cardiovascular system

Bades containing stimulants, such as caffeine, synephrine and yochimbin, can be dangerous for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as:

Arterial hypertension: Stimulants can increase blood pressure and aggravate the course of hypertension.
Ichemic heart disease: Stimulants can increase the heart rate and myocardial need for oxygen, which can lead to angina attacks or myocardial infarction.
Arrhythmias: Stimulants can cause or aggravate heart rhythm disturbances.
Heart failure: Stimulants can increase the load on the heart and worsen the condition of patients with heart failure.

2.3. Contraindications for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Bades containing laxative components or substances that irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines can be contraindicated in the following diseases:

Parlias of the stomach and duodenum: Bades can aggravate inflammation and cause an exacerbation of peptic ulcer.
Gastritis: Bades can irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and enhance the symptoms of gastritis.
Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis): Bades can cause an exacerbation of inflammation and enhance diarrhea.
Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): Bades can aggravate the symptoms of IPC, such as abdominal pain, bloating and violation of the stool.

2.4. Contraindications for diseases of the endocrine system

Bades affecting blood sugar or hormonal balance can be contraindicated in the following diseases:

Diabetes sugar: Bades can interact with drugs for the treatment of diabetes and lead to unpredictable fluctuations in blood sugar.
Thyroid diseases (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism): Bades containing iodine or other substances affecting the function of the thyroid gland can disrupt the hormonal balance.
Menstrual cycle disorders: Bades affecting the hormonal background can cause irregular menstruation or amenorrhea.

2.5. Contraindications for liver and kidney diseases

Bad can provide an additional load on the liver and kidneys, so their use can be contraindicated in the following diseases:

Hepatitis: Bades can aggravate liver inflammation and worsen its function.
Cirrhosis: Bades can have a toxic effect on the liver and accelerate the progression of cirrhosis.
Chronic renal failure: Bades can provide an additional load on the kidneys and worsen their function.

2.6. Contraindications for mental disorders

Bades containing stimulants or substances affecting neurotransmitters in the brain can be contraindicated in the following mental disorders:

Alarm disorders: Stimulants can increase anxiety and cause panic attacks.
Depression: Some dietary supplements can interact with antidepressants and worsen the condition of patients with depression.
Bipolar disorder: Stimulants can cause manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder.
Schizophrenia: Stimulants can enhance psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Chapter 3: Side effects of dietary supplements for weight loss

Side effects of dietary supplements for weight loss can vary depending on the composition of the additive, dose and individual sensitivity of a person. Some side effects can be easy and transient, while others can be serious and require medical care.

3.1. General side effects

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: The most common side effects of dietary supplements for weight loss include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and abdominal pain. These symptoms are often associated with the irritating effect of dietary supplements on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
Insomnia: Bades containing stimulants, such as caffeine, Sinefrin and Yochimbin, can cause insomnia, anxiety and nervousness.
Headache: Some dietary supplements can cause headache, dizziness and weakness.
Increased blood pressure: Bades containing stimulants can increase blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Far heartbeat: Bades containing stimulants can cause rapid heartbeat and arrhythmias.
Anxiety and irritability: Bades containing stimulants or substances affecting neurotransmitters in the brain can cause anxiety, irritability and mood swings.

3.2. Specific side effects depending on the ingredients

Caffeine: Anxiety, insomnia, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.
Sinefrin (from a bitter orange): Increase in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, headache, stroke (rarely).
Yohimbine: Anxiety, insomnia, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, dizziness, tremor, psychosis (rarely).
Hitosan: Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation, bloating), violation of the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
Glucomanan: Bloating, constipation, intestinal obstruction (rarely, with insufficient water consumption).
Physoolamine (white beans extract): Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (bloating, gases).
5-HTP (5-hydroxyryptophan): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle cramps (rarely, eosinophilia-mialgia syndrome).
Senna, aloe, root root (laxatives): Diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, dependence on laxatives, damage to the colon with prolonged use.
L-Carnitin: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, the smell of fish from the body.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, an increase in blood sugar, insulin resistance.
Forskolin: Decrease in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat (at high doses).
Chromium: Headache, irritability, skin reactions (rarely, damage to the kidneys and liver).
Sylvester Jimnema extract: Lowering blood sugar (caution in diabetes), allergic reactions.

3.3. Serious side effects and risks

In rare cases, the use of dietary supplements for weight loss can lead to serious side effects and risks requiring immediate medical care:

Liver damage: Some dietary supplements contain ingredients that can have a toxic effect on the liver and cause hepatitis, liver failure and even death.
Kidney damage: Some dietary supplements can provide an additional load on the kidneys and cause renal failure.
Cardiovascular complications: Bades containing stimulants can increase the risk of a heart attack, stroke and arrhythmias.
Mental disorders: The dietary supplements affecting neurotransmitters in the brain can cause anxiety, depression, psychosis and suicidal thoughts.
Medicinal interactions: Bades can interact with the medicines that you take and enhance or weaken their effect. This can lead to unpredictable and dangerous consequences.
Contamination: Bades can be polluted by harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides and drugs that are not indicated on the label. This can lead to serious side effects.
Eosinophilia-Mialgia syndrome (associated with 5-HTP): A rare, but serious disease, characterized by muscle pain, fatigue and an increased level of eosinophils in the blood. Can lead to disability.

Chapter 4: Interaction of dietary supplements for weight loss with drugs

Dietary supplements for weight loss can interact with various drugs, changing their effectiveness and increasing the risk of side effects. It is important to inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you accept in order to avoid undesirable interactions.

4.1. Interaction with anticoagulants and anti -signs

Bades containing vitamin K, ginkgo biloba, garlic, ginger and other ingredients affecting blood coagulation can enhance the effect of anticoagulants (for example, warfarin) and antiplatelets (for example, aspirin) and increase the risk of bleeding.

4.2. Interaction with antihypertensive drugs

Bades containing stimulants, such as caffeine, synephrine and yochimbin, can reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs and increase blood pressure.

4.3. Interaction with antidiabetic drugs

Bades that affect blood sugar (for example, chrome, Sylvester jimnems extract) can interact with antidiabetic drugs and lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

4.4. Interaction with antidepressants

Bades containing St. John’s wort, 5-HTP and other substances affecting neurotransmitters in the brain can interact with antidepressants (especially with MAO and Siox inhibitors) and cause serotonin syndrome, a dangerous state characterized by anxiety, agitation, tremor, muscle spasms, high temperature and impaired consciousness.

4.5. Interaction with preparations for the thyroid gland

Bades containing iodine or other substances affecting the function of the thyroid gland can interact with drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases and disrupt hormonal balance.

4.6. Interaction with diuretics

Bades with a diuretic effect (for example, containing caffeine or extracts of herbs) can enhance the effect of diuretics and lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

4.7. Interaction with immunosuppressants

Bades that stimulate the immune system (for example, echinacea) can reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and increase the risk of transplant rejection.

Chapter 5: How to reduce risks when using dietary supplements for weight loss

If you still decide to use dietary supplements, it is important to observe the following precautions to reduce the risks of side effects and undesirable interactions:

Consult a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplement, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have any chronic diseases or take medications. The doctor will help you evaluate potential risks and benefits from the use of dietary supplements, as well as choose a suitable product and dosage.
Choose proven brands: Bad only from well -known and reliable manufacturers who have a good reputation and conduct quality control of their products. Avoid buying darts from dubious sellers or on the Internet without the ability to check the authenticity and safety of the product.
Carefully study the label: Before using dietary supplements, carefully study the label and make sure that you understand the composition, dosage, contraindications and possible side effects. Avoid dietary supplements with incomprehensible or unreasonable statements about health benefits.
Start with a low dose: Start taking a low dose dose to evaluate your individual sensitivity and tolerance. Gradually increase the dose, if necessary, but do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Follow your condition: Carefully monitor your health state and mark any changes or side effects. If you notice any undesirable symptoms, stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
Tell the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you accept: When visiting a doctor, inform him of all the dietary supplements that you accept so that he can evaluate potential interactions with the medicines that you are prescribed.
Do not take a few dietary supplements at the same time: Avoid simultaneously taking several dietary supplements for weight loss, as this can increase the risk of side effects and undesirable interactions.
Do not use dietary supplements for a long time: Do not use dietary supplements for a long time without consulting a doctor. Long -term use of some dietary supplements can lead to dependence, metabolic disorders and other health problems.
Combine the reception of dietary supplements with a healthy lifestyle: Remember that dietary supplements for weight loss are not a magic tablet and cannot replace healthy nutrition and physical activity. Combine a reception of dietary supplements with a balanced diet, regular exercises and sufficient sleep to achieve optimal results in losing weight and maintaining health.

Chapter 6: Alternative approaches to weight loss

Instead of using dietary supplements for losing weight, there are many safer and more effective approaches to weight loss and maintenance of health:

Balanced nutrition: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low -fat protein is the basis of healthy weight loss. Limit the consumption of processed products, sugar, saturated and trans fats.
Regular physical exercises: Regular physical exercises help to burn calories, strengthen muscles and improve the general state of health. Strive at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of high intensity of aerobic activity per week, as well as for strength training at least twice a week.
Portations control: Portations control helps reduce calorie intake and avoid overeating. Use smaller plates and glasses, measure portions and eat slowly and consciously.
Sufficient sleep: A sufficient dream is important to maintain healthy metabolism and control appetite. Strive by 7-8 hours of sleep every night.
Stress management: Stress can lead to overeating and weight gain. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as yoga, meditation, walking in nature or communication with friends and family.
Consultation with a nutritionist or nutritionist: A nutritionist or nutriologist can help you develop an individual nutrition plan and physical exercises that will meet your needs and goals.

Chapter 7: Illusions and marketing tricks in advertising dietary supplements for weight loss

Advertising of dietary supplements for weight loss often uses marketing tricks and creates illusions to attract consumers. It is important to be critical of advertising and not believe everything that you see and hear.

Unreasonable statements about instant weight loss: Many dietary supplements are advertised as means that allow you to quickly and easily lose weight without effort. However, in most cases, these statements are false. Healthy weight loss requires time and effort, and there is no magic pill that can replace a healthy lifestyle.
Using pseudo -scientific terms and research: Some dietary supplement manufacturers use pseudo -scientific terms and refer to fictitious or poor -quality studies to convince consumers of the effectiveness of their products. It is important to check the information and trust only reliable sources.
Reviews of celebrities and bloggers: Advertising of dietary supplements often uses the reviews of celebrities and bloggers who claim to have lost weight thanks to these products. However, these reviews are often paid and do not reflect the real experience of ordinary people.
Game on feelings and complexes: Advertising of dietary supplements often plays on the feelings and complexes of people who are dissatisfied with their weight, and offers them a quick and easy solution to the problem. It is important to remember that beauty and health are not determined by weight, and that the main thing is to feel comfortable and confident in your body.
Hidden composition and inaccurate information: Some dietary supplements hide the composition of their products or provide false information on the label. This can be dangerous to health, since you do not know what exactly you accept.

Chapter 8: Legal aspects of the sale of dietary supplements for weight loss

Legal aspects of the sale of dietary supplements for weight loss vary depending on the country. In most countries, dietary supplements are regulated less strictly than drugs, and manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of the effectiveness and safety of their products before they are launched on the market.

Lack of strict regulation: Unlike medicines, dietary supplements do not undergo strict quality control and efficiency. This means that their composition, the declared effects and safety can vary between manufacturers.
Manufacturer’s responsibility: Dad manufacturers are responsible for the safety of their products and should indicate on the label all the ingredients and possible side effects. However, regulatory authorities do not always have enough resources to check all dietary supplements in the market.
Consumer protection: Consumers are entitled to receive reliable information about dietary supplements and protection against unfair advertising. In case of violations, consumers can contact the regulatory authorities and require compensation for damage.
Forbidden ingredients: In some countries, certain ingredients in dietary supplements are prohibited, which are considered dangerous to health. It is important to check whether the dietary supplements you have purchased are forbidden.

Chapter 9: Studies of efficiency and safety of dietary supplements for weight loss

Most studies of efficiency and safety for weight loss have limited volume and quality. Many studies are financed by dietary supplements, which can lead to the bias of the results.

Limited research: Most studies of the effectiveness of dietary supplements for weight loss are carried out in small groups of people and have a short observation period. This makes it difficult to assess the long -term efficiency and safety of dietary supplements.
The bias of research: Many studies are financed by dietary supplement manufacturers, which can lead to the bias of the results and the overestimation of products.
Lack of evidence: For most dietary supplements, for weight loss, there is not enough scientific evidence of efficiency and safety. Many health benefits are based on anecdotal data or preliminary studies.
The need for additional research: Additional, larger and high -quality studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements for weight loss and determine the optimal dosages and duration of use.

Chapter 10: Alternative methods of weight correction approved by the medical community

There are alternative weight correction methods approved by the medical community that can be safer and more effective than using dietary supplements:

Drug treatment of obesity: In some cases, the doctor may prescribe drugs for the treatment of obesity that are released according to the prescription. These drugs undergo strict quality control and effectiveness and have proven benefit for weight loss. However, they also have side effects and require a thorough observation of a doctor.
Bariatric surgery: Bariatric surgery (surgery to reduce weight) can be recommended to people with severe obesity when other methods do not help. There are various types of bariatric operations, such as gastric shunting and hose resection of the stomach. These operations are effective for losing weight, but are also associated with risks and require careful preparation and subsequent observation.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): KPT is a type of psychotherapy that helps people change their thoughts and behavior associated with food and weight. KPT can be effective for overcoming overeating, improving appetite control and forming healthy nutrition habits.
Life lifestyle programs: There are various programs to change the lifestyle that offer an integrated approach to weight loss, including a balanced diet, physical exercises, advising with a nutritionist and support from other people. These programs can be effective for achieving long -term success in losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight.

Chapter 11: Analysis of specific ingredients of dietary supplements for weight loss: Advantages and disadvantages

Let us consider in more detail some popular ingredients used in dietary supplements for weight loss, and analyze their potential advantages and disadvantages:

Green tea extract (EGCG):
- Advantages: Contains antioxidants, can slightly accelerate metabolism and promote fat oxidation.
- Flaws: It can cause anxiety, insomnia, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (with high doses), liver damage (rarely).
L-Carnitin:
- Advantages: Participates in the transport of fatty acids in mitochondria for oxidation.
- Flaws: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, the smell of fish from the body. It does not have proven effectiveness for weight loss in people without L-carnitine deficiency.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA):
- Advantages: It can slightly reduce the fat weight of the body and increase muscle mass.
- Flaws: Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, an increase in blood sugar, insulin resistance.
Chrome picoline:
- Advantages: Participates in the regulation of blood sugar.
- Flaws: Headache, irritability, skin reactions (rarely, damage to the kidneys and liver). It does not have proven effectiveness for weight loss in people without chromium deficiency.
Glucomannan (from the roots of the cow):
- Advantages: The fiber that swells in the stomach and creates a feeling of satiety.
- Flaws: Bloating, constipation, intestinal obstruction (rarely, with insufficient water consumption).
Hitosan:
- Advantages: It binds fats in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents their absorption.
- Flaws: Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation, bloating), violation of the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
5-HTP (5-hydroxyryptophan):
- Advantages: The serotonin precursor can suppress appetite and improve the mood.
- Flaws: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle cramps (rarely, eosinophilia-mialgia syndrome). Interaction with antidepressants (serotonin syndrome).
Garcinia Extract of Cambodia (hydroxilimonic acid, HCA):
- Advantages: Theoretically, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of fats can be blocked.
- Flaws: Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, headache, dizziness. It has no convincing evidence of weight loss effectiveness.
Sinefrin (from a bitter orange):
- Advantages: A stimulant can accelerate metabolism and burn fats.
- Flaws: Increase in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, headache, stroke (rarely).
Yohimbine:
- Advantages: A stimulator can block alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and promote fat burning.
- Flaws: Anxiety, insomnia, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, dizziness, tremor, psychosis (rarely).

Chapter 12: Psychological aspects of losing weight and the role of dietary supplements

Psychological factors play an important role in the process of losing weight. Bades can have a psychological impact, but it is important that this does not lead to unrealistic expectations and ignoring healthy strategies.

Placebo effect: Bades can have a placebo effect when a person believes in their effectiveness, and this leads to an improvement in the results. However, the placebo effect is not a real physiological effect and cannot replace healthy nutrition and physical activity.
Creating an illusion of control: Bades can create the illusion of weight control, which can lead to the fact that a person begins to take care of his diet and physical activity.
Dependence formation: Some dietary supplements can cause psychological dependence when a person feels that he cannot control his weight without their help.
Unrealistic expectations: Advertising of dietary supplements often creates unrealistic expectations of instant and easy weight loss, which can lead to disappointment and decrease in motivation.
The importance of psychological support: It is important to receive psychological support in the process of losing weight in order to cope with stress, anxiety and other emotional problems that can affect nutrition and weight. Psychotherapy, counseling with a nutritionist or participation in support groups can be useful.

Chapter 13: The role of a doctor in choosing weight correction methods

The role of the doctor in choosing the methods of weight correction is key. The doctor can evaluate the patient’s health, identify contraindications and choose the safest and most effective methods of losing weight.

Assessment of health: The doctor can evaluate the patient’s health, identify chronic diseases and contraindications to the use of various methods of weight correction, including dietary supplements, drugs and bariatric surgery.
Diagnosis of the causes of overweight: The doctor can help identify the causes of overweight, such as genetic factors, hormonal disorders, improper nutrition, lack of physical activity, stress and psychological problems.
Individual treatment plan: The doctor can develop an individual plan for the treatment of obesity, which will take into account the needs and characteristics of the patient. The treatment plan may include a balanced nutrition, physical exercises, a change in lifestyle, drug treatment or bariatric surgery.
Monitoring of treatment results: The doctor must regularly monitor the results of treatment and adjust the plan if necessary. It is important to inform the doctor about all side effects

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