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Collagen and hyaluronic acid: perfect combination

Part 1: Fundamental Bricks of Beauty and Health

1.1 collagen: the basis of structural integrity

Collagen is a fibrillar protein, which is the main structural component of connective tissue in the human body and animals. It is about 30% of the total mass of protein in the body and is a key element in the skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, blood vessels and even the cornea of the eye. Its name comes from the Greek word “κόλλα” (kolla), which means “glue”, which reflects its role in maintaining the structure and strength of tissues.

1.1.1 Types of collagen: A variety of forms and functions

There are at least 28 different types of collagen, each of which has a unique structure and performs certain functions. The most common and important to human health are:

Type and: The most common type of collagen, which is about 90% of the total collagen in the body. It provides the strength and elasticity of the skin, bones, tendons and ligaments. It has a high strength of rupture and resistance to stretching.
Type II: The main component of cartilage, which provides its elasticity and resistance to compression. It is important for maintaining joint health and prevent the development of osteoarthritis.
Type III: Contained in the skin, muscles and blood vessels. He plays a role in maintaining the elasticity and elasticity of these tissues. It is often found in combination with a collagen type I.
Type IV: The main component of basal membranes, thin layers supporting epithelial and endothelial cells. It is important for filtering and maintaining the structure of organs.
Type V: Contained in the hair, placenta and on the surface of the cells. Participates in the formation of the cell matrix and the regulation of cellular growth.

The less common types of collagen (for example, types VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII) perform specialized functions in various fabrics organism, such as maintaining the structure of connective tissue, regulation of cellular adhesion and participation in the healing processes of wounds.

1.1.2 Collagen synthesis: a complex process that requires nutrients

Collagen synthesis is a complex process that occurs inside the cells called fibroblasts (in the skin and connective tissue), chondrocytes (in cartilage) and osteoblasts (in bone tissue). This process includes several stages:

Transcription and broadcast: Genes encoding various types of collagen circuits (alpha chapters) are transcribed to the MRNA, which is then broadcast on ribosomes with the formation of prepropollagen.
Hydroxylating: Inside the endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) there is hydroxylating of a hole and lysine, two amino acids that make up collagen. This process requires the presence of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as a cofactor. The hydroxylation of the proline stabilizes the triple spiral of collagen, and the hydroxylation of lysine is necessary for the formation of transverse connections between collagen fibers.
Glycosylation: Glucose and galactose molecules join hydroxylizine.
The formation of a triple spiral: Three alpha chapters are united, forming a triple spiral of the Preclargen.
Prokollagen secretion: The Procllagen molecule is secreted from the cell to the intercellular space.
Proteolithic processing: In the intercellular space, the enzymes of the prollagen-n-peptidase and the prokollagen-C-peptidase are hidden by the end peptides of the Prollagen, turning it into a tropollagen.
The formation of collagen fibrils: Tropollagen molecules are self -organized into collagen fibrils, which are then combined into larger collagen fibers.
Transverse ties: Cross bonds are formed between collagen fibers, strengthening the structure of collagen and giving it strength. This process also requires the participation of enzymes and cofactors, such as copper and zinc.

Violation of any of these stages can lead to defects in collagen synthesis and the development of various diseases.

1.1.3 Factors affecting the synthesis of collagen

Collagen synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on many factors, including:

Age: With age, collagen synthesis slows down, which leads to the loss of skin elasticity, wrinkles, joint pain and other age -related changes.
Nutrition: The disadvantage of nutrients, such as vitamin C, amino acids (praise, lysine, glycine), copper and zinc, can disrupt collagen synthesis.
Ultraviolet radiation: Ultraviolet radiation (UFI) damages collagen fibers and stimulates the production of enzymes that destroy collagen (matrix metal -propriet, MMP), which leads to photographs of the skin.
Smoking: Smoking reduces the synthesis of collagen and worsens the blood supply to the skin, which contributes to its premature aging.
Hormonal changes: A decrease in estrogen levels in women during menopause leads to a decrease in collagen synthesis in the skin.
Stress: Chronic stress can increase the production of cortisol, hormone, which inhibits collagen synthesis.
Diseases: Some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases (for example, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma) and genetic disorders (for example, Elers Danlos syndrome, imperfect osteogenesis) may disrupt collagen synthesis.
Medicines: Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can reduce collagen synthesis.

1.2 hyaluronic acid: moisture and elasticity

Hyaluronic acid (Civil Code), also known as hyaluronate, is a natural polysaccharide (glycosaminoglikan), which is widespread in the connective, epithelial and nervous tissues. This is an important component of the extracellular matrix, which plays a key role in maintaining hydration, elasticity and elasticity of tissues.

1.2.1 The structure and properties of hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid consists of repeated disaccharide units, consisting of D-glucuronic acid and n-acetylhlucosamine, interconnected by glycoside bonds. The molecular weight of the Civil Code can vary from several thousand to several million Dalton, depending on its source and method of receipt.

The main function of hyaluronic acid is water binding. It has a unique ability to hold water, 1000 times higher than its own weight. This property makes it an indispensable moisturizing component of the skin, joints and other tissues.

Hyaluronic acid has the following properties:

High hygroscopicity: The ability to bind and hold a large amount of water.
Vyazo -elasticity: The ability to provide lubrication and shock -absorption in the joints.
Bi -capacity: Good tolerance to the body and low risk of allergic reactions.
Angiogenes: The ability to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels.
Participation in wound healing: Stimulates cell migration and collagen synthesis, contributing to the healing of wounds.

1.2.2 Distribution of hyaluronic acid in the body

Hyaluronic acid is widespread in various tissues of the body, including:

Leather: About 50% of the total number of Civil Code in the body is contained in the skin, where it supports moisturizing, elasticity and elasticity. The Civil Code fills the space between collagen and elastic fibers, providing skin turgor.
Joints: Civil Code is the main component of the synovial fluid that lubricates the joints and ensures their smooth movement. It also plays a role in depreciation and protection of cartilage.
Eyes: The Civil Code is part of the vitreous body filling the eye cavity, and provides its transparency and shape. It is also contained in tear fluid, moisturizing and protecting the cornea.
Cartilage: Civil Code helps to keep water in cartilage, ensuring its elasticity and compression resistance.
Nervous tissue: The Civil Code plays a role in the regulation of cellular migration and synaptic plasticity in the nervous tissue.

1.2.3 synthesis and degradation of hyaluronic acid

The synthesis of hyaluronic acid occurs in cells called fibroblasts, chondrocytes and synovial cells, using hyaluronance enzyme (HAS). There are three types of HAS: HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3, each of which synthesizes the Civil Code with different molecular mass.

Hyaluronic acid degradation occurs under the influence of hyaluronidase enzymes (Hyal), which split it into smaller fragments. There are several types of Hyal, which differ in their specificity and activity.

The balance between the synthesis and degradation of the Civil Code determines its concentration and molecular mass in the tissues. With age, the synthesis of the Civil Code decreases, and its degradation accelerates, which leads to a decrease in its content in the skin and other tissues.

1.2.4 Factors affecting the level of hyaluronic acid

The level of hyaluronic acid in the body can decrease under the influence of various factors, such as:

Age: With age, the synthesis of the Civil Code decreases, which leads to the loss of moisture and elasticity of the skin.
Ultraviolet radiation: Ufa stimulates the production of free radicals that damage the Civil Code and accelerate its degradation.
Environmental pollution: Air pollution and other environmental factors can damage the Civil Code and reduce its level in the skin.
Inflammation: Inflammatory processes can stimulate the production of hyaluronidase, which break down the Civil Code.
Smoking: Smoking reduces the synthesis of the Civil Code and worsens the blood supply to the skin.
Inal meals: The lack of nutrients, such as magnesium and zinc, can disrupt the synthesis of the Civil Code.

Part 2: Synergetic effect: collagen and hyaluronic acid together

2.1 complementary functions in the skin

Collagen and hyaluronic acid are key components of the skin, and their combination provides optimal moisture, elasticity and elasticity.

Colenen Provides structural support and skin strength. It forms a frame that holds the shape of the skin and prevents its sagging.
Hyaluronic acid Provides skin moisturizing, filling the space between collagen and elastin fibers. It binds water and creates a gel -like matrix that gives the skin elasticity and smoothness.

The joint effect of collagen and hyaluronic acid allows:

Reduce wrinkles and thin lines: Collagen fills the wrinkles, and hyaluronic acid moisturizes the skin, making it more smooth and young.
Increase the elasticity and elasticity of the skin: Collagen provides structural support, and hyaluronic acid supports moisturizing, which leads to an increase in the elasticity and elasticity of the skin.
Improve skin moisturizing: Hyaluronic acid binds water and holds it in the skin, preventing dryness and peeling.
Protect the skin from damage: Collagen and hyaluronic acid form a protective barrier on the surface of the skin, which protects it from the harmful effects of the environment.

2.2 impact on joint health

Collagen and hyaluronic acid play an important role in maintaining joint health.

Collagen type II It is the main component of cartilage, ensuring its elasticity and compression resistance. It helps to maintain the structure of the cartilage and prevents its destruction.
Hyaluronic acid It is the main component of the synovial fluid that lubricates the joints and ensures their smooth movement. It also plays a role in depreciation and protection of cartilage.

The joint effect of collagen and hyaluronic acid allows:

Reduce joint pain: Collagen helps to restore cartilage tissue, and hyaluronic acid provides lubrication of the joints, which leads to a decrease in pain.
Improve joint mobility: Collagen provides structural support of cartilage, and hyaluronic acid provides lubrication of the joints, which leads to an improvement in mobility.
Protect the joints from damage: Collagen and hyaluronic acid form a protective barrier that protects the joints from injuries and inflammation.
Reduce the risk of osteoarthritis: Collagen helps maintain the structure of the cartilage, and hyaluronic acid provides its moisturizing, which reduces the risk of osteoarthritis.

2.3 other advantages of a combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid

In addition to the positive effect on the skin and joints, the combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid can have other beneficial effects on the body:

Improving the health of hair and nails: Collagen and hyaluronic acid can strengthen hair and nails, making them healthier and stronger.
Improving digestion: Collagen can maintain the health of the intestinal mucosa, improving digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Acceleration of wound healing: Collagen and hyaluronic acid stimulate the synthesis of new tissues, accelerating the healing of wounds and reducing the formation of scars.
Support for health of the cardiovascular system: Collagen is a component of blood vessels, ensuring their strength and elasticity. Hyaluronic acid can reduce inflammation in the blood vessels, maintaining the health of the cardiovascular system.

Part 3: How to get collagen and hyaluronic acid: sources and additives

3.1 sources of collagen

Collagen can be obtained from various sources, both food and in the form of additives.

3.1.1 Food sources of collagen

Some foods are good sources of collagen:

Bone broth: Bone broth made from animal bones (beef, chicken, fish) contains a large amount of collagen.
Bird skin: The skin of chicken and turkey contains collagen.
Fish with skin: Fish with skin, especially salmon and sardines, contains collagen.
Gelatin: Gelatin is a processed collagen that can be used in cooking.
Eggs: Evacal proteins contain Proilin and glycine, amino acids necessary for the synthesis of collagen.

However, it must be borne in mind that collagen obtained from food sources may not be completely absorbed by the body.

3.1.2 Collagen additives

Collagen additives are a more effective way to get collagen, as they contain a hydrolyzed collagen, which is easier to absorb by the body.

There are various types of collagen additives, including:

Hydrolyzed collagen (collagen peptides): This is the most common type of collagen additives. It is a collagen that was split into smaller peptides, which facilitates its absorption.
Non-unauthorized collagen type II (UC-II): This type of collagen is obtained from chicken cartilage. It is intended to maintain joint health and can be more effective than a hydrolyzed collagen for this purpose.
Gelatin: Gelatin is a partially hydrolyzed collagen, which can also be used as an additive.

Collagen additives are available in various forms, such as powders, capsules, tablets and liquids.

3.2 sources of hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid can also be obtained from food sources and in the form of additives.

3.2.1 Food sources of hyaluronic acid

Some foods contain hyaluronic acid:

Bone broth: Bone broth contains hyaluronic acid, as well as collagen.
Bird skin: The skin of chicken and turkey contains hyaluronic acid.
Animal organs: The liver and other organs of animals contain hyaluronic acid.
Soy products: Soy products, such as tofu and soy milk, contain phytoestrogens that can stimulate the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.
Roots: Root crops, such as potatoes and sweet potatoes, contain starch, which can contribute to the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.

However, the amount of hyaluronic acid obtained from food sources may be insufficient to achieve noticeable results.

3.2.2 Hyaluronic acid additives

Hyaluronic acid supplements are a more effective way to get the Civil Code.

The additives of hyaluronic acid are available in various forms, such as capsules, tablets, fluids and powders.

3.3 Selecting collagen additives and hyaluronic acid

When choosing the additives of collagen and hyaluronic acid, the following factors should be taken into account:

Type of collagen: Select the type of collagen that meets your needs. For example, to maintain joint health, a type II collagen is recommended, and to improve the condition of the skin, a collagen type I and III.
Molecular weight of hyaluronic acid: The smaller the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, the better it penetrates the skin.
The quality of the ingredients: Choose additives made of high -quality ingredients from reliable manufacturers.
Availability of certificates: Make sure the additive is certified by independent organizations.
Consumer reviews: Read the reviews of other consumers to learn about the effectiveness and safety of additives.
Form Supplements: Choose the form of an additive that is most convenient for you.
Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging.

Part 4: The use of collagen and hyaluronic acid in cosmetology

4.1 Cosmetics with collagen

Collagen is widely used in cosmetics for skin care. It is added to creams, serums, masks and other products for moisturizing, increasing elasticity and reducing wrinkles.

However, it must be borne in mind that the collagen applied to the skin does not penetrate deep into the dermis due to the large size of the molecule. It forms a film on the surface of the skin, which moisturizes and protects it from dehydration.

Despite this, collagen in cosmetics can have a positive effect on the skin:

Moisturization: Collagen binds water and holds it on the surface of the skin, moisturizing it.
Protection: Collagen forms a protective barrier on the surface of the skin, which protects it from the harmful effects of the environment.
Smoothing: Collagen fills small wrinkles and irregularities on the surface of the skin, making it more smooth.

4.2 cosmetics with hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid is one of the most popular ingredients in cosmetics. It is added to creams, serums, masks, tonics and other products for moisturizing, increasing elasticity and reducing wrinkles.

Hyaluronic acid has high hygroscopicity, so it effectively moisturizes the skin, attracting and holding water.

Depending on the molecular mass, hyaluronic acid has a different effect on the skin:

High -molecular hyaluronic acid: It forms a film on the surface of the skin, moisturizing and protecting it from dehydration.
Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid: It penetrates deeper into the skin and stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin, increasing the elasticity and elasticity of the skin.

4.3 injections of collagen and hyaluronic acid

Injections of collagen and hyaluronic acid are a more invasive method of improving the condition of the skin.

Collagen injections: Previously used to fill wrinkles and folds. However, now they are less popular due to the risk of allergic reactions.
Hyaluronic acid injections (fillers): They are widely used to fill wrinkles, folds, increase the volume of lips and cheekbones, as well as to correct the contours of the face.

Injections of hyaluronic acid provide an immediate and noticeable result, but it is not constant. The effect of injections lasts from several months to a year, depending on the type of filler and the individual characteristics of the body.

4.4 combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid in cosmetic procedures

The combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid in cosmetic procedures can enhance their positive effect.

For example, micronidling with a serum containing collagen and hyaluronic acid can stimulate collagen synthesis and improve skin moisturizing.

Also, collagen masks containing hyaluronic acid can moisturize and nourish the skin, making it more smooth and elastic.

Part 5: Scientific research and evidence of effectiveness

5.1 Clinical research of collagen

Numerous clinical studies confirm the effectiveness of collagen for the health of the skin, joints and other tissues.

Leather: Studies have shown that taking collagen additives can improve skin hydration, reduce wrinkles and increase its elasticity.
Joints: Studies have shown that taking collagen additives can reduce joint pain, improve their mobility and reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.
Bones: Studies have shown that taking collagen additives can increase bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Hair and nails: Studies have shown that taking collagen additives can strengthen hair and nails, making it healthier and stronger.

5.2 Clinical studies of hyaluronic acid

Clinical studies also confirm the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid for the health of the skin, joints and eyes.

Leather: Studies have shown that applying anti -hyaluronic acids to the skin can improve skin moisturizing, reduce wrinkles and increase its elasticity.
Joints: Injections of hyaluronic acid in the joints are widely used to treat osteoarthritis. Studies have shown that they can reduce joint pain and improve their mobility.
Eyes: Eye drops containing hyaluronic acid are used to treat dry eye syndrome. Studies have shown that they can improve the moisturizing of the eyes and reduce discomfort.

5.3 Studies studying the combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid

Some studies studied the joint use of collagen and hyaluronic acid.

One study, published in the Journal of Medicinal Food, showed that the reception of an additive containing collagen peptides and hyaluronic acid improved the skin moisture, reduced wrinkles and increased its elasticity in women aged 40 to 60 years.
Another study, published in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, showed that the reception of an additive containing type II collagen and hyaluronic acid reduced joint pain and improved their mobility in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

Despite the fact that the results of these studies are promising, additional studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of the joint use of collagen and hyaluronic acid.

Part 6: Safety and side effects

6.1 Collagen safety

Collagen is usually considered safe for most people. Side effects are rare and usually Mild, such as:

Digestive disorder: Some people may experience digestive disorder, such as bloating, gas formation, diarrhea or constipation.
Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions to collagen are possible, especially if it is obtained from fish or mollusks.

6.2 Safety of hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid is also considered safe for most people. Side effects are rare and usually Mild, such as:

Skin irritation: With external use, hyaluronic acid can cause skin irritation in some people.
Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions to hyaluronic acid are possible.

6.3 precautions and contraindications

Before taking the additives of collagen and hyaluronic acid, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have any diseases or you take any drugs.

Contraindications to taking collagen and hyaluronic acid additives are:

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of taking collagen and hyaluronic acid additives during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Allergies: Allergy to collagen or hyaluronic acid.
Autoimmune diseases: People with autoimmune diseases should consult a doctor before taking collagen additives, as they can stimulate the immune system.

6.4 Interaction with drugs

Collagen and hyaluronic acid can interact with some drugs. It is necessary to consult a doctor if you take any drugs before you start taking collagen and hyaluronic acid supplements.

Part 7: Recommendations for use

7.1 Dosage of collagen

The recommended collagen dosage depends on the type of collagen and the purpose of use.

To improve the condition of the skin: The recommended dosage of hydrolyzed collagen is 2.5-10 grams per day.
To maintain joint health: The recommended dosage of collagen type II is 40 mg per day.
To improve the health of bones: The recommended collagen dosage is 5 grams per day.

7.2 Dosage of hyaluronic acid

The recommended dosage of hyaluronic acid also depends on the purpose of use.

To improve the condition of the skin: The recommended dosage of hyaluronic acid is 120-240 mg per day.
To maintain joint health: The recommended dosage of hyaluronic acid is 80-200 mg per day.
To improve eyes moisturizing: The recommended dosage of hyaluronic acid is 0.1-0.4% in the drops for the eyes.

7.3 Method of application

Addresses of collagen and hyaluronic acid can be taken with or without food. Collagen powders can be mixed with water, juice, smoothie or other drinks.

7.4 Duration of application

To achieve noticeable results, it is necessary to take collagen and hyaluronic acid additives for several months. The recommended duration of use is 3-6 months.

7.5 Additional tips

Eat in a balanced: Use products rich in vitamins and minerals necessary for the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, such as vitamin C, amino acids, copper and zinc.
Protect the skin from the sun: Use SUN -30 or higher sunscreen to protect the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.
Refuse smoking: Smoking reduces collagen synthesis and worsens the blood supply to the skin.
Reduce stress levels: Chronic stress can suppress collagen synthesis.
Support the water balance: Drink enough water to maintain skin hydration.

Part 8: Future research areas

8.1 New types of collagen and hyaluronic acid

Studies continue to identify new types of collagen and hyaluronic acid, as well as study their functions and potential use.

8.2 Combined products

Combined products containing collagen, hyaluronic acid and other ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, are developed to enhance their positive effect.

8.3 target delivery

New methods of targeted delivery of collagen and hyaluronic acid are developed to certain body tissues, such as skin and joints, to increase their effectiveness.

8.4 Individual approach

Studies are aimed at developing an individual approach to the use of collagen and hyaluronic acid, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and the needs of each person.

8.5 General engineering

The possibilities of using genetic engineering are studied to stimulate the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid in the body.

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