The best dietary supplement for children’s immunity: safe and effective

The best dietary supplement for children’s immunity: safe and effective

I. Understanding children’s immunity: the foundation of healthy growth

A. Fundamentals of the child’s immune system:

1. Inborn immunity: The first line of protection with which the child is born. It includes physical barriers (leather, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (gastric juice, saliva) and immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils that nonspertically attack pathogens.

   • Action mechanisms: Phagocytosis (absorption and destruction of pathogens), inflammatory reaction (attracting immune cells to the place of infection).
   • Meaning for babies: Critically important in the first months of life until acquired immunity develops. Maternal antibodies obtained through the placenta and breast milk also play an important role in supporting innate immunity.

2. Acquired (adaptive) immunity: It develops during the life of the child in response to the influence of pathogens. It is characterized by specificity and memory, which allows the immune system to more effectively fight repeated infections.

   • T-lymphocytes (T cells): They participate in cellular immunity, destroying infected cells and regulating the immune response. There are different types of T cells:
     • T-Helpers (CD4+): Coordinate the immune response, activating other immune cells.
     • T-killer (CD8+): Destroy infected cells.
     • T-regulatory cells: Sold the immune response, preventing autoimmune reactions.
   • B-lymphocytes (B-cells): They participate in humoral immunity, producing antibodies (immunoglobulins), which are associated with pathogens and neutralize them.
     • IgG: The most common type of antibodies provides long -term protection.
     • IgA: Protects the mucous membranes.
     • IgM: The first type of antibodies produced in response to infection.
     • IgE: Participates in allergic reactions and protection against parasites.

3. Interaction of innate and acquired immunity: Congenital immunity activates the acquired immunity, representing antigens of pathogens of T- and B-lymphocytes. This leads to the development of a specific immune response.

B. Factors affecting the immunity of the child:

1. Age: The child’s immune system develops gradually. Babies and small children are especially susceptible to infections, since their immune system is not yet fully formed.

   • Early age vulnerability: Insufficient number of immune cells, immunity of immune organs (for example, thymus), a limited antibody repertoire.
   • Risk periods: The period of excommunication from the chest, the beginning of a visit to a kindergarten or school.

2. Nutrition: Proper nutrition provides the body with the necessary nutrients for the normal functioning of the immune system.

   • Nutrient deficiency: The deficiency of vitamins (A, C, D, E, E, E, Minerals (zinc, iron, selenium), protein and essential fatty acids can weaken the immunity.
   • The role of breastfeeding: Breast milk contains antibodies, immune cells and other factors that support the child’s immune system.

3. Health status: Chronic diseases (for example, asthma, diabetes), allergies and immunodeficiency conditions can weaken the child’s immunity.

   • The influence of chronic diseases: Violation of the immune system, increased susceptibility to infections, reducing vaccination efficiency.
   • Immunodeficiency states: Primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency.

4. Environment: The effect of pollution, tobacco smoke and other harmful substances can weaken the child’s immunity.

   • The influence of air pollution: Damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, a decrease in the activity of immune cells.
   • Passive smoking: An increase in the risk of respiratory infections, asthma and allergies.

5. Stress: Chronic stress can negatively affect the immune system of the child.

   • Stress influence mechanisms: The release of cortisol, suppression of the activity of immune cells.
   • Stress factors in children: School loads, conflicts in the family, social isolation.

6. Dream: A lack of sleep can weaken the child’s immunity.

   • The influence of lack of sleep: Reducing the activity of immune cells, increasing the risk of infections.
   • Recommendations for sleep for children: Depend on the age of the child.

7. Physical activity: Regular physical activity can strengthen the child’s immunity.

   • Mechanisms of influence of physical activity: Improving blood circulation, increasing the number of immune cells.
   • Physical activity recommendations for children: At least 60 minutes of moderate or intensive physical activity per day.

C. When you should think about supporting immunity using dietary supplements:

1. Frequent colds and infections: If a child is sick of a cold or other infections more often than usual (for example, more than 6-8 times a year).

   • Signs of weakened immunity: Long course of the disease, complications.
   • The need to consult a doctor: Exclusion of other possible causes of frequent diseases.

2. Chronic diseases: If the child suffers from a chronic disease that can weaken the immunity.

   • Examples of chronic diseases: Asthma, diabetes, allergies.
   • The need to agree with a doctor: The choice of dietary supplements compatible with the main treatment.

3. Unstable nutrition: If the child eats poorly and does not receive enough necessary nutrients.

   • Signs of nutrient deficiency: Fatigue, weakness, pallor of the skin, hair loss.
   • The need to consult a nutritionist: Development of an individual food plan.

4. Right risk periods: During the period of adaptation to kindergarten or school, in the cold season, during epidemics.

   • Preventive measures: Strengthening immunity in advance.
   • The need to choose suitable dietary supplements: Given the age and individual needs of the child.

II. Overview of safe and effective dietary supplements for children

A. Vitamin D:

1. The role of vitamin D in immunity: It regulates the immune response, participates in the activation of immune cells (T cells and macrophages), reduces the risk of respiratory infections.

   • Action mechanisms: Vitamin D binds to vitamin D receptors on immune cells, modulating their function.
   • Research: The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of infections has been proved.

2. Recommended doses for children: Depend on the age and level of vitamin D in the blood.

   • Infants (0-12 months): 400 me per day.
   • Children over 1 year: 600 me per day.
   • The need to control the level of vitamin D: Determination of the optimal dose.

3. Output forms: Drops, chewing tablets, capsules.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age and preferences of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In high doses, can cause hypercalcemia (increased blood calcium levels).

   • Symptoms of hypercalcemia: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, weakness, headache.
   • The need to comply with recommended doses: Prevention of an overdose.

5. The best brands of vitamin D for children (taking into account the availability in the Russian Federation):

   • Aquadetrime: Aqueous solution of vitamin D3.
   • Viantol: Oil solution of vitamin D3.
   • Detrimax: Chewing tablets with vitamin D3.
   • Complete Aqua D3: Drops with vitamin D3.
   • Solntsevit d3: Drops with vitamin D3.

B. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):

1. The role of vitamin C in immunity: The antioxidant protects cells from damage by free radicals, stimulates the production and function of immune cells (T cells, B cells and phagocytes), and enhances the production of interferon (antiviral protein).

   • Action mechanisms: Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals, participates in the synthesis of collagen (necessary for the health of the skin and mucous membranes), enhances chemotaxis (attracting immune cells to the place of infection).
   • Research: Vitamin C can reduce the duration and severity of the cold.

2. Recommended doses for children: Depend on age.

   • Children 1-3 years old: 40 mg per day.
   • Children 4-8 years old: 25 mg per day.
   • Children 9-13 years old: 45 mg per day.

3. Output forms: Chewing pills, powders, syrups.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age and preferences of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In high doses can cause stomach disorder, diarrhea.

   • The need to comply with recommended doses: Prevention of side effects.
   • Caution when taking on an empty stomach: It can cause irritation of the stomach.

5. The best brands of vitamin C for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Askorbinka: Chewing tablets with vitamin C.
   • Vitamin C for children Evalar: Chewing tablets with vitamin C and zinc.
   • Multi-tabs Immuno Kids: Chewing tablets with vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc.
   • Pikovit: Syrup with vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C.
   • Complete the asset: Chewing tablets with vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C.

C. Zinc:

1. The role of zinc in immunity: It is necessary for the normal development and functioning of immune cells (T cells, B cells and NK cells), participates in the regulation of an inflammatory response, and has antiviral activity.

   • Action mechanisms: Zinc is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, necessary for the activity of many enzymes, regulates apoptosis (programmed cell death) of immune cells.
   • Research: It is proved that zinc can reduce the duration and severity of the cold.

2. Recommended doses for children: Depend on age.

   • Children 1-3 years old: 3 mg per day.
   • Children 4-8 years old: 5 mg per day.
   • Children 9-13 years old: 8 mg per day.

3. Output forms: Chewing pills, syrups, drops.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age and preferences of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In high doses, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a violation of taste.

   • The need to comply with recommended doses: Prevention of side effects.
   • Interaction with other drugs: It can reduce the absorption of iron and copper.

5. The best zinc brands for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Cincteral: Sulfate zinc tablets (usually prescribed by a doctor with zinc deficiency).
   • Zinc for children Evalar: Chewing tablets with zinc.
   • Pikovit: Syrup with vitamins and minerals, including zinc.
   • Multi-tabs Immuno Kids: Chewing tablets with vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc.
   • Complete the asset: Chewing tablets with vitamins and minerals, including zinc.

D. Probiotics:

1. The role of probiotics in immunity: They improve the composition of the intestinal microbiots, stimulate the immune system, increase the production of antibodies, and reduce the risk of allergic reactions.

   • Action mechanisms: Probiotics compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and attachments to the intestinal mucosa, produce antimicrobials, and stimulate the production of IGA.
   • Research: It is proved that probiotics can reduce the frequency and duration of diarrhea caused by antibiotics, as well as reduce the risk of respiratory infections.

2. Probiotic strains useful for children’s immunity: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938.

   • The importance of choosing the right straw: Different strains of probiotics have different properties.
   • Reading the composition of the probiotic: Pay attention to the strains indicated on the packaging.

3. Output forms: Drops, powders, chewing tablets, capsules.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In rare cases, bloating, gas formation can cause.

   • Start with small doses: A gradual increase in the dose avoids side effects.
   • Consultation with a doctor: Before using probiotics in children with weakened immunity.

5. The best brands of probiotics for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Bephof Baby: Drops with Bifidobacterium BB-12.
   • Linex for children: Capsules with Bifidobacterium child, Lactobacillus acidophilus And Enterococcus faecium.
   • Azipol Better: Drops with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.
   • Normobakt L: Sasha s Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and prebiotic (fructoligosaccharides).
   • Baby Baby tank: Sasha with several probiotics strains.

E. Prebiotics:

1. The role of prebiotics in immunity: They serve as food for beneficial bacteria in the intestines, stimulate their growth and activity, and help improve the composition of the intestinal microbiots.

   • Action mechanisms: Prebiotics are not digested in the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract and reach the large intestine, where they are fermented by useful bacteria.
   • Examples of prebiotics: Inulin, fruitoligosaccharides (phos), galactooligosaccharides (state).

2. Sources of prebiotics: Many foods contain prebiotics, such as onions, garlic, bananas, Jerusalem artichoke.

   • Enrichment of the diet by prebiotics: Inclusion in the diet of products rich in prebiotics.
   • Using dietary supplements with prebiotics: As an additional source of prebiotics.

3. Output forms: Powders, syrups.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In high doses, bloating, gas formation can cause.

   • Start with small doses: A gradual increase in the dose avoids side effects.
   • Individual tolerance: Different people can react differently to prebiotics.

5. The best brands of prebiotics for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Dufalak: Syrup with lactulose (synthetic disaccharide with prebiotic properties).
   • Hilak Forte: Drops containing products of intestinal microflora metabolism (have prebiotic properties).
   • Normoprius Baby: Sachet with probiotic and prebioticom (fructooligosaccharides).
   • Biodvestin-lacto: Liquid probiotic with lactobacilli and prebiotic.

F. Omega-3 fatty acids:

1. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in immunity: They have anti -inflammatory properties, modulate an immune response, and reduce the risk of allergic reactions.

   • Action mechanisms: Omega-3 fatty acids (EPK and DGK) are involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids (inflammation mediators), affect the function of immune cells.
   • Research: It is proved that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis.

2. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids: Fat fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), fish oil, linen seed, walnuts.

   • Enrichment of the omega-3 diet with fatty acids: The inclusion in the diet of products rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
   • Using dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids: As an additional source of omega-3 fatty acids.

3. Output forms: Capsules, chewing capsules, syrups.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

4. Safety and side effects: In high doses can cause stomach disorder, fishing.

   • Start with small doses: A gradual increase in the dose avoids side effects.
   • Fish oil storage: Store in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation.

5. The best Omega-3 brands for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Biocol of the Kushek: Chewing capsules with omega-3.
   • Moller’s Fish Fool: Liquid fish oil.
   • NORWECOL KIDS: Liquid fish oil with fruit taste.
   • Omega-3 for children Evalar: Chewing capsules with omega-3.
   • Doppelgerz Act Omega-3 for children: Capsules with omega-3.

G. SOUTINATEA:

1. The role of Echinacea in immunity: It stimulates the immune system, increases the activity of immune cells (macrophages and NK cells), has antiviral activity.

   • Action mechanisms: Echinacea contains polysaccharides, alkamids and other compounds that stimulate immune cells and enhance the production of interferon.
   • Research: It is proved that Echinacea can reduce the duration and severity of the cold.

2. Output forms: Drops, syrups, tablets.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

3. Safety and side effects: In rare cases, allergic reactions can cause.

   • Contraindications: It is not recommended for children with autoimmune diseases.
   • Start with small doses: Checking for tolerance.

4. The best echinacea brands for children (taking into account the availability in the Russian Federation):

   • Immunal: Drops and tablets of echinacea.
   • Ehinatsy, from the eaves: Echinacea tablets.
   • Dr. Taiss Echinacea Forte: Drops of Echinacea.

H. Black Buzina (Sambucus Nigra):

1. The role of black bezina in immunity: It has antiviral properties, reduces the replication of influenza viruses, stimulates the immune system.

   • Action mechanisms: Black Buzina contains anti -vocals that have antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties.
   • Research: It is proved that Buzina Black can reduce the duration and severity of the flu.

2. Output forms: Syropes, chewing tablets, capsules.

   • Choosing the form of release: Given the age of the child.
   • Recommendations for use: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

3. Safety and side effects: In rare cases, a stomach disorder can cause.

   • It is important to use only mature berries: Immature berries contain toxic substances.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding (not enough data).

4. The best brands of black elderberry for children (taking into account accessibility in the Russian Federation):

   • Sambucol Black Elderberry: Syrup and chewing tablets of black bezine. (It can be more difficult to find in the Russian Federation, but you can order online)
   • In the Russian Federation, analogues with black elderberry can be represented as part of complex dietary supplements for immunity.

III. How to choose the best dietary supplement for the child’s immunity: Practical tips

A. Consultation with a doctor:

1. The need for consultation: Before using any dietary supplement for the child’s immunity, it is necessary to consult a doctor, especially if the child has any chronic diseases or he takes other drugs.

   • Individual needs of the child: The doctor can evaluate the state of health of the child and determine which dietary supplements will be the most useful and safe for him.
   • Exclusion of contraindications: The doctor can identify possible contraindications for the use of certain dietary supplements.

2. Discussion of the dosage and duration of the reception: The doctor will help determine the optimal dosage and duration of dietary supplement, based on age, weight and health status of the child.

   • Safety of application: Compliance with recommended doses and duration of admission will help to avoid side effects.
   • The effectiveness of application: The correct dosage and duration of the reception will ensure maximum dietary supplement efficiency.

B. Reading the label:

1. Composition: Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement. Make sure that it contains only the ingredients that the child needs. Avoid dietary supplements with artificial dyes, flavors and preservatives.

   • Active ingredients: Pay attention to the number of active ingredients in one dose.
   • Excipients: Make sure the auxiliary substances are safe for the child.

2. Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage indicated on the label. Do not exceed the dosage if not recommended by a doctor.

   • Age restrictions: Pay attention to age restrictions.
   • Method of application: Follow the instructions for use.

3. Best before date: Make sure that dietary supplements have not expired.

   • Storage conditions: Follow the storage conditions indicated on the label.
   • Signs of damage: Do not use dietary supplements if it has changed color, smell or consistency.

C. The choice of a reliable manufacturer:

1. Company reputation: Choose dietary supplements from famous and reliable manufacturers who have a good reputation in the market.

   • Consumer reviews: Learn the reviews of other consumers about the product and manufacturer.
   • Quality certificates: Make sure that the manufacturer has the necessary quality certificates.

2. Production standards: Find out what production standards the manufacturer uses. Good manufacturers adhere to GMP standards (Good Manoufacturing Practice).

   • Quality control: GMP standards guarantee quality control at all stages of production.
   • Product Security: GMP standards ensure product safety.

D. Output form:

1. Convenience of application: Choose the form of release, which is most convenient for the child.

   • Infants: Drops, syrups.
   • Older children: Chewing tablets, capsules.

2. Taste: Choose dietary supplements with a pleasant taste so that the child willingly accept them.

   • Natural flavors: Natural flavors are preferred, such as fruit juices.
   • Avoid artificial sweeteners: Artificial sweeteners can be harmful to the health of the child.

E. Individual tolerance:

1. Start with small doses: Start taking dietary supplements with small doses to check the individual tolerance of the child.

   • Observation of the reaction: Carefully observe the reaction of the child to dietary supplements.
   • Continuation of the reception: Stop taking a dietary supplement if the child has any side effects.

2. Allergic reactions: Be careful if the child has allergies to any products or substances.

   • Study of the composition: Carefully study the composition of Bad to make sure that it does not contain allergens.
   • Consultation with an allergist: Consult an allergist if you have any doubts.

IV. Strengthening the immunity of children without dietary supplements: natural methods

A. Balanced nutrition:

1. A variety of diet: Provide the child with a diverse diet that includes all the necessary nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

   • Fruits and vegetables: It is recommended to use at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day.
   • Whole grain products: Give preference to whole grain products such as whole grain bread, cereals and pasta.
   • Useful fats: Include beneficial fats in the diet, such as omega-3 fatty acids (fish, linseed seed) and unsaturated fats (olive oil, avocado).

2. Products useful for immunity:

   • Products rich in vitamin C: Citrus fruits, kiwi, strawberries, bell pepper.
   • Products rich in vitamin D: Bold fish, egg yolk, enriched products.
   • Products rich in zinc: Meat, poultry, legumes, nuts.
   • Products rich in probiotics: Dairy products (yogurt, kefir), sauerkraut.
   • Products rich in prebiotics: Onions, garlic, bananas, Jerusalem artichoke.

3. Consumption restriction:

   • Sweet drinks: Limit the consumption of sweet drinks, such as soda and juices, since they can weaken the immunity.
   • Processed products: Limit the consumption of processed products such as fast food and semi -finished products, since they often contain a lot of sugar, fat and salt.

B. Sufficient sleep:

1. Recommendations for sleep for children:

   • Infants (0-3 months): 14-17 hours a day.
   • Infants (4-11 months): 12-15 hours a day.
   • Children 1-2 years old: 11-14 hours a day.
   • Children 3-5 years old: 10-13 hours a day.
   • Children 6-13 years old: 9-11 hours a day.
   • Teenagers (14-17 years old): 8-10 hours a day.

2. Sleep hygiene rules:

   • Sleep mode: Observe the regular sleep mode, go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends.
   • Comfortable atmosphere: Create a comfortable sleeping atmosphere: cool, dark and quiet room.
   • Avoid screens before bedtime: Avoid using electronic devices (TV, computer, smartphone) an hour before bedtime.
   • Relaxing rituals: Include relaxing rituals before going to bed in the daily routine, such as a warm bath, reading a book or listening to calm music.

C. Physical activity:

1. Physical activity recommendations for children:

   • Children 3-5 years old: At least 3 hours of physical activity per day.
   • Children 6-17 years old: At least 60 minutes of moderate or intensive physical activity per day.

2. Types of physical activity:

   • Fresh games: Running, jumping, cycling, swimming.
   • Sports: Football, basketball, volleyball, tennis.
   • Dancing: Dancing helps develop coordination and flexibility.
   • Walks: Regular walks in the fresh air.

3. The benefits of physical activity:

   • Strengthening immunity: Physical activity strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of infections.
   • Improvement: Physical activity helps to improve sleep.
   • Reducing stress: Physical activity helps to reduce stress.
   • Maintaining a healthy weight: Physical activity helps to maintain healthy weight.

D. Regular hand washing:

1. Rules of hand washing:

   • Use warm water and soap: Lipe your hands for at least 20 seconds.
   • Rinse your hands thoroughly: Rinse your hands under running water.
   • Dry hands: Dry your hands with a clean towel or paper towel.

2. When to wash your hands:

   • Before eating: Before cooking and eating.
   • After visiting the toilet: After visiting the toilet.
   • After coughing or sneezing: After coughing or sneezing.
   • After contact with animals: After contact with animals.