Bad for immunity: expert opinion

Bad for immunity: expert opinion

Section 1: Immunity — Fundamentals and Functions

1. What is immunity?

   • Determination of immunity as a comprehensive system of protecting the body from foreign agents (pathogens, toxins, tumor cells).
   • Description of the two main types of immunity: congenital (non -specific) and acquired (specific).
   • Congenital immunity: barrier functions (leather, mucous membranes), fagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), natural killers (NK cells), a complement system, an inflammatory reaction.
   • Acquired immunity: humoral (b-lymphocytes, antibodies) and cellular (T-lymphocytes-T-highpers, T-killers).
   • Interaction of innate and acquired immunity.
   • The role of cytokines (interleukins, interferons) in the regulation of immune processes.

2. Key factors affecting immunity:

   • Genetics: Hereditary predisposition to certain immune answers and diseases.
   • Age: Reducing immune function with age (immunostation) and features of immunity in childhood.
   • Nutrition: The role of macro- and micronutrients in maintaining immunity.
   • Stress: The influence of chronic stress on the immune system through hormonal and neuroendocrine mechanisms.
   • Dream: Disorders of sleep and its connection with the deterioration of the immune function.
   • Physical activity: Moderate physical activity and its positive impact on immunity, as well as the negative impact of excessive loads.
   • Bad habits: Smoking, alcohol abuse and their detrimental effect on the immune system.
   • Ecology: The effect of environmental pollution on the immune function.
   • Chronic diseases: The effect of chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases) on immunity.
   • Medicines: The influence of some drugs (immunosuppressors, antibiotics) on the immune system.

3. Signs of weakened immunity:

   • Frequent colds (SARS, influenza).
   • Long course of diseases.
   • Recurrent infections (herpes, candidiasis).
   • Slow wound healing.
   • Chronic fatigue, weakness.
   • Increased lymph nodes.
   • Allergic reactions.
   • Problems with the gastrointestinal tract (dysbiosis, bloating, diarrhea).
   • Soreness in the joints and muscles.
   • Rashes on the skin.

Section 2: Dietrs for immunity: review and mechanisms of action

1. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):

   • Antioxidant properties and cell protection from damage by free radicals.
   • Stimulation of the production and function of leukocytes (phagocytes, lymphocytes).
   • Participation in the synthesis of collagen necessary to maintain barrier functions of the skin and mucous membranes.
   • Influence on the level of interferon participating in antiviral protection.
   • Met-analysis of studies on the effect of vitamin C on the duration and severity of colds.
   • Recommended doses and possible side effects (diarrhea, nausea).
   • Forms of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, liposomal vitamin C) and their bioavailability.

2. Vitamin D (cholegalciferol):

   • The role in the regulation of the immune response.
   • Influence on the activity of T-lymphocytes and macrophages.
   • Activation of the Katelicidine gene with antimicrobial properties.
   • Participation in the regulation of inflammatory processes.
   • The relationship of vitamin D deficiency with increased susceptibility to infections, including respiratory diseases.
   • Recommended doses and determination of vitamin D levels in the blood.
   • Forms of vitamin D (vitamin D2 — ergocalciferol, vitamin D3 — cholecalciferol) and their effectiveness.
   • Risks of overdose and possible side effects (hypercalcemia).

3. Zinc:

   • It is necessary for the functioning of immune cells (lymphocytes, NK cells).
   • Participates in the synthesis of DNA and RNA necessary for cell division and growth.
   • Antioxidant properties and cell protection from oxidative stress.
   • The impact on the production of cytokines that regulate the immune response.
   • Studies on the effect of zinc on the duration and severity of colds.
   • Recommended doses and possible side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
   • Forms of zinc (zinc gluconate, zinc picoline, zinc citrate) and their bioavailability.

4. Selenium:

   • It is necessary for the functioning of glutathioneperoxidase — an important antioxidant enzyme.
   • Participates in the regulation of the immune response.
   • Influence on the activity of NK cells and T-lymphocytes.
   • The relationship of selenium deficiency with increased susceptibility to viral infections.
   • Recommended doses and possible side effects (hair loss, fragility of nails).
   • The forms of Selena (selenometyonin, sodium selenite) and their bioavailability.

5. SOUTINATEA:

   • Stimulates the activity of macrophages and NK cells.
   • Enhances the production of interferon.
   • It has an anti -inflammatory effect.
   • Action mechanisms: alkylamides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins.
   • Clinical studies on the influence of echinacea on the prevention and treatment of colds.
   • Contraindications and possible side effects (allergic reactions).
   • Types of Echinacea (Echinacea Purpurea, Echinacea Angustifolia, Echinacea Pallida) and their properties.
   • Forms of release (capsules, tinctures, extracts).

6. Black Buzina (Sambucus Nigra):

   • Antivirus properties blocks the penetration of the virus into the cells.
   • Contains antioxidants (anthocyans) that protect cells from damage.
   • It has an anti -inflammatory effect.
   • Clinical studies on the influence of black bezine on the duration and severity of the flu.
   • Contraindications and possible side effects (nausea, vomiting).
   • Forms of release (syrups, capsules, extracts).

7. Probiotics:

   • Maintaining a healthy intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity.
   • Stimulation of antibodies.
   • Strengthening the barrier function of the intestine.
   • Improving the assimilation of nutrients.
   • The effect on the activity of immune cells in the intestines (lymphocytes, macrophages).
   • Clinical studies on the effect of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections and allergic diseases.
   • Types of probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and their properties.
   • Choice of probiotics: the amount of CO (colony -forming units), a strain affiliation.
   • Prebiotics: food for probiotics (Inulin, fruitoligosaccharides).

8. Mushroom dietary supplements (Reishi, Shiitaka, Metack):

   • They contain beta-glucans that stimulate the immune system.
   • Enhance the activity of macrophages and NK cells.
   • They have anti -inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
   • Used in traditional medicine to strengthen immunity.
   • Clinical studies (limited) about the effect of mushroom dietary supplements on the immune function and the course of certain diseases.
   • Contraindications and possible side effects (allergic reactions, digestive disorders).
   • Forms of release (capsules, powders, extracts).

9. Colostrum (colostrum):

   • Contains antibodies (immunoglobulins), lactoperrin, growth factors and other biologically active substances.
   • Strengthens the immune system and protects against infections.
   • Improves the barrier function of the intestine.
   • Clinical studies on the effect of colostrum on the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections and diarrhea.
   • Contraindications and possible side effects (allergic reactions, digestive disorders).
   • Colostrum (cow, goat).

10. Other dietary supplements for immunity:

    • Garlic: Allicine has antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
    • Ginger: It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
    • Turmeric: Kurkumin has anti -inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.
    • Beta-glucans (not mushroom): Stimulate the immune system.
    • L-Lisin: Amino acid involved in the synthesis of antibodies.
    • Astragal: Used in traditional Chinese medicine to strengthen immunity.

Section 3: Expert opinion and scientific data

1. Criticism of Dads:

   • Lack of strict regulation and quality control.
   • Insufficient number of clinical studies confirming effectiveness.
   • The risk of impurities and the mismatch of the declared composition is actual.
   • The possibility of interacting with drugs.
   • Unreasonable use of dietary supplements instead of a good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

2. The opinion of immunologists:

   • Attitude to the use of dietary supplements for immunity: rational and balanced.
   • Recommendations for the use of dietary supplements: only after consulting a doctor and if there are a deficiency of certain substances.
   • The emphasis on the importance of a healthy lifestyle as a basis for maintaining immunity.
   • Cautions against uncontrolled administration of dietary supplements and self -medication.
   • The role of dietary supplements in the complex therapy of immunodeficiency states (only under the supervision of a doctor).

3. Meta-analyzes and systematic research reviews:

   • Review of the results of research on the influence of vitamins and minerals on the immune function.
   • Analysis of data on the influence of plant extracts (echinacea, black elderberry) on the course of respiratory infections.
   • Assessment of the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
   • Criteria for assessing the quality of research and the strength of evidence.

4. Recommendations of international organizations (WHO, FDA, EFSA):

   • Guidelines for healthy diet and maintaining immunity.
   • Information about safe doses of vitamins and minerals.
   • Cautions about the risks of an overdose and uncontrolled admission of dietary supplements.
   • Policy regarding the registration and control of dietary supplements in different countries.

5. Myths and misconceptions about dietary supplements for immunity:

   • Bades are a panacea from all diseases.
   • The more, the better (about the dosages of vitamins and minerals).
   • Natural means safe (about plant dietary supplements).
   • Bades can replace good nutrition.
   • All dietary supplements are equally effective.
   • Reviews on the Internet are a reliable source of information.

6. Clinical studies in public (examples):

   • Studies on the influence of vitamin D on the risk of ARVI.
   • Studies on the effect of zinc on the duration of colds.
   • Studies on the effect of probiotics on the frequency of respiratory infections in children.
   • Studies on the influence of echinacea on the prevention of colds.

Section 4: How to choose the right dietary supplement for immunity

1. Definition Objective accepts Bada:

   • Prevention of diseases.
   • Support for immunity in a period of increased incidence.
   • Recovery after illness.
   • Compensation of deficiency of certain substances.

2. Consultation with a doctor:

   • The need to consult a doctor before starting dietary supplements.
   • Identification of possible contraindications and side effects.
   • Assessment of the state of health and identifying a deficiency of certain substances.
   • Selection of optimal dosage and dietary supplement scheme.
   • Discussion of possible interactions with drugs.

3. The selection of the manufacturer:

   • The manufacturer’s reputation.
   • Availability of quality certificates (GMP, ISO).
   • Reviews about products.
   • Checking information about the manufacturer in open sources.

4. Studying the composition of the dietary supplement:

   • Active ingredients and their concentration.
   • Excipients (fillers, dyes, preservatives).
   • The presence of allergens.
   • Compliance with the composition of the declared on the package.

5. Choosing the form of release:

   • Capsules.
   • Tablets.
   • Powders.
   • Liquids (syrups, tinctures, extracts).
   • Accounting for individual preferences and convenience of admission.

6. Checking the expiration date:

   • Mandatory check of shelf life before buying.
   • Do not use dietary supplements with an expired shelf life.

7. Proper storage of dietary supplements:

   • Compliance with storage conditions indicated on the packaging.
   • Protection from light, moisture and high temperatures.
   • Storage inaccessible to children.

8. Assessment of Bad’s effectiveness:

   • Observation of your condition during a dietary supplement.
   • Assessment of changes in the well -being and frequency of diseases.
   • Discussion of results with a doctor.
   • Continuation of the intake of dietary supplements in the absence of a positive effect or the appearance of side effects.

Section 5: Alternative methods for strengthening immunity

1. Balanced nutrition:

   • A diverse diet that includes all the necessary macro- and micronutrients.
   • Sufficient consumption of fruits, vegetables, herbs, whole grain products, protein, healthy fats.
   • Limiting the consumption of processed products, sugar, trans fats.
   • Compliance with the diet.
   • The role of individual products (garlic, ginger, citrus fruits, berries) in strengthening immunity.

2. Healthy sleep:

   • Sufficient sleep duration (7-8 hours a day for adults).
   • Compliance with sleep and wakefulness.
   • Creating comfortable sleep conditions (darkness, silence, coolness).
   • Avoiding the use of caffeine and alcohol before bedtime.

3. Regular physical activity:

   • Moderate physical activity (walking, swimming, yoga).
   • Regularity of classes (at least 3-5 times a week).
   • Avoiding excessive physical exertion.

4. Stress management:

   • Relaxation methods (meditation, breathing exercises).
   • Hobbies and hobbies.
   • Communication with loved ones.
   • Full rest and relaxation.

5. Refusal of bad habits:

   • Crossing smoking.
   • Restriction of alcohol consumption.

6. Hygiene:

   • Regular washing of hands with soap.
   • Avoiding touch to the face with unwashed hands.
   • I ventilation of the premises.
   • Wet cleaning.

7. Vaccination:

   • Vaccination from infectious diseases (influenza, pneumococcal infection, etc.).
   • Compliance with the vaccination calendar.

8. Hardening:

   • The gradual addiction of the body to the effects of cold.
   • Drying cold water, contrast shower.
   • Walks in the fresh air in any weather.
   • Turning should be carried out gradually and under the control of a specialist.

Section 6: Legal aspects and regulation of dietary supplements

1. Determination of dietary supplements in terms of legislation:

   • The difference between dietary supplements and medicines and food products.
   • Requirements for the composition, production and marking of dietary supplements.

2. Regulatory authorities:

   • The role of Rospotrebnadzor in the control of the quality and safety of dietary supplements in Russia.
   • Features of the regulation of dietary supplements in other countries (USA, Europe).

3. Bad registration:

   • The procedure of state registration of dietary supplements.
   • The necessary documents and research for the registration of dietary supplements.

4. Dad marking:

   • Requirements for information posted on the package of dietary supplements.
   • Indication of the composition, dosage, contraindications and side effects.
   • Warning about the need to consult a doctor.

5. Advertising of dietary supplements:

   • Restrictions on dietary supplements.
   • The ban on the spread of inaccurate information about the properties of dietary supplements.

6. Responsibility for violation of legislation:

   • Administrative and criminal liability for the production and sale of poor -quality and unsafe dietary supplements.

Section 7: Prospects for research in the field of dietary supplements for immunity

1. Studying the mechanisms of action of dietary supplements at the molecular level:

   • Identification of specific molecular targets and signaling tracks, which are affected by active components of dietary supplements.
   • The use of modern methods of molecular biology and genetics to study the immunomodulating properties of dietary supplements.

2. Conducting randomized controlled clinical research:

   • The need to conduct large and well -planned clinical research to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements.
   • The use of placebo-control and double blind method to minimize bias.
   • Assessment of various dosages and dietary supplements.
   • Studying the influence of dietary supplements on various groups of the population (children, elderly people, people with chronic diseases).

3. Development of personalized approaches to the use of dietary supplements:

   • Accounting for the individual characteristics of the body (genetics, state of health, lifestyle) when choosing dietary supplements.
   • Development of algorithms for selecting optimal dietary supplements based on genetic testing and metabolite analysis.

4. Studying the interaction of dietary supplements with other drugs:

   • Assessment of the effect of dietary supplements on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of other drugs.
   • Identification of possible undesirable interactions and the development of recommendations on the joint use of dietary supplements and drugs.

5. Search for new sources of immunomodulating substances:

   • The study of the properties of plants, mushrooms, microorganisms and other natural sources.
   • Screening of new compounds with immunomodulating activity.
   • Development of new dietary supplements based on natural components.

6. Development of new forms of prolonged dietary supplements:

   • Improving the bioavailability and digestibility of the active components of dietary supplements.
   • Development of dietary supplements with prolonged action.
   • Creating dietary supplements in forms convenient for taking (capsules, tablets, liquids, powders).

7. Using artificial intelligence to analyze data on dietary supplements:

   • Analysis of large data on the composition, properties and effects of dietary supplements.
   • Predicting the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements based on machine learning.
   • Development of new approaches to the search and creation of dietary supplements.

Section 8: Case Stadiz (examples from practice)

1. Case 1: Prevention of SARS in a child visiting kindergarten:

   • The story of a child who often suffers from SARS.
   • The doctor’s recommendations to strengthen immunity: balanced diet, healthy sleep, hardening, intake of vitamin D.
   • Results: Reducing the frequency and severity of SARS.

2. Case 2: Restoration after the flu in an elderly person:

   • The story of an elderly person who has undergone flu.
   • Recommendations of the doctor to restore immunity: balanced nutrition, intake of vitamin C and zinc, probiotics.
   • Results: acceleration of recovery and reduction in the risk of complications.

3. Case 3: Support for immunity at the athlete:

   • The story of an athlete subject to increased physical exertion.
   • The doctor’s recommendations to strengthen immunity: balanced nutrition, intake of vitamin D and antioxidants, adaptogens.
   • Results: Improving sports indicators and reducing the risk of diseases.

4. Case 4: Complex therapy of an immunodeficiency state (under the supervision of a doctor):

   • Description of the case of an immunodeficiency state (without indicating a specific diagnosis, observing ethical norms).
   • Combined approach: drug treatment, diet, dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals, probiotics — under the strict supervision of a doctor).
   • Tracking the dynamics of the immune system indicators and the correction of therapy. The importance of emphasizing that self -medication in such cases is unacceptable.

Section 9: FAQ (frequently asked questions)

1. Do I need to take dietary supplements for immunity?

   • Answer: Depends on your state of health, lifestyle and the presence of a deficiency of certain substances. Consult a doctor.

2. What are the most effective dietary supplements for immunity?

   • Answer: The effectiveness of dietary supplements depends on the individual characteristics of the body. The most commonly recommend vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, selenium, probiotics.

3. Is it possible to take several dietary supplements at the same time?

   • Answer: Yes, it is possible, but it is necessary to take into account the possible interactions between them. Consult a doctor.

4. Are dietary supplements safe for immunity?

   • Answer: With proper use and compliance with dosages, dietary supplements are usually safe. However, side effects and contraindications are possible.

5. Where is it better to buy dietary supplements?

   • Answer: In pharmacies or with trusted manufacturers with quality certificates.

6. How long can I take dietary supplements for immunity?

   • Answer: The duration of the reception depends on the purpose of the appointment and recommendations of the doctor.

7. Can dietary supplements replace good nutrition?

   • Answer: No, dietary supplements cannot replace good nutrition. They are only an addition to a balanced diet.

8. What to do if side effects have appeared after the dietary supplement?

   • Answer: Stop taking dietary supplement and consult a doctor.

9. How to choose a probiotic for immunity?

   • Answer: Pay attention to the amount of CNT (colony -forming units) and a stamp affiliation of a probiotic. Consult a doctor.

10. What are beta-glucans and why are they needed?

    • Answer: Beta-glucans are polysaccharides that stimulate the immune system. They are found in mushrooms, cereals and yeast.

Section 10: List of experts (indicating their specialization and regalia, but without specifying specific names)

1. Immunologist, candidate of medical sciences, specialist in immunodeficiency conditions.
2. Therapist, gastroenterologist, expert in the field of nutrition and healthy diet.
3. Pediatrician, allergist-immunologist, specialist in child infectious diseases.
4. Infectious disease doctor, expert in the field of viral infections and diseases prevention.
5. Pharmacologist, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, specialist in the development and study of dietary supplements.
6. A researcher who specializes in the study of the immunomodulating properties of natural formations.
7. Expert for certification and quality control of dietary supplements.

Section 11: List of useful resources (links to official sites of WHO, Rospotrebnadzor, FDA, EFSA, NCBI, PUBMED and other authoritative sources)

(Here it is necessary to bring relevant links to official sites of these organizations and platforms for searching for scientific publications)

Section 12: Glossary Terms

• Immunity: The body of protecting the body from foreign agents.
• Pathogen: Any microorganism that can cause a disease.
• Antigen: A substance causing an immune response.
• Antibody: Protein produced by the immune system to combat antigens.
• Lymphocytes: The cells of the immune system involved in a specific immune response.
• Cytokines: Molecules that regulate the interaction between the cells of the immune system.
• Fagocytosis: The process of absorption and destruction of foreign cells and particles by phagocytes.
• Interferon: Protein produced by the cells of the body in response to a viral infection.
• Macrophages: Fagocytic cells involved in congenital immunity.
• NK cells (natural killers): Cells that destroy infected and tumor cells.
• Bad (biologically active additive): Concentrate of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances.
• Probiotics: Living microorganisms, which, when introduced into the body, have a positive effect on health in sufficient quantities.
• Prebiotics: Substances that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.
• Beta-glucan: Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties.
• Antioxidants: Substances that protect cells from damage by free radicals.
• Immunomodulator: A substance affecting the activity of the immune system.
• Clinical research: Studies conducted in humans to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of drugs and other medical interventions.
• Placebo: Inert substance used as control in clinical studies.
• Randomized controlled study (RCTs): The type of clinical study, in which participants are randomly distributed into groups that receive active treatment or placebo.
• Meta-analysis: Statistical analysis combining the results of several studies on the same topic.
• Systematic review: A review in which a systematic search and evaluation of all available studies on a specific topic is carried out.

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