Dietary dietary supplements: contraindications and side effects

Dietary dietary supplements: contraindications and side effects – detailed leadership

I. What are the dietary supplements for the joints and why are they needed?

Bades (biologically active additives) for joints are not drugs, but food additives designed to maintain joint health, reduce pain, inflammation and improve mobility. They contain various components that are believed to help restore cartilage, joint lubrication and reduction of discomfort. Often used for osteoarthritis, arthritis and other degenerative joint diseases.

A. The main components of dietary supplements for the joints:

1. Glucosamine: Aminosahar, which is an important building block of cartilage fabric. It is believed that it stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans – substances necessary for constructing and restoring cartilage.

   • The mechanism of action: Glucosamine is absorbed in the intestines and reaches the articular cartilage, where it is included in the process of synthesis of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. It also has an anti -inflammatory effect, inhibiting the synthesis of some pro -inflammatory cytokines.
   • Glucosamine types: There are various forms of glucosamine, such as glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride and n-acetylhlucosamine. Glucosamine sulfate is often considered more effective, since it provides an additional source of sulfur necessary to build cartilage.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of glucosamine is 1,500 mg per day, divided into several doses.

2. Chondroitin: Sulfate glycosaminoglican, also an important component of cartilage tissue. It has the ability to retain water, which contributes to elasticity and shock -absorbing properties of cartilage.

   • The mechanism of action: Chondroitin sulfate inhibits enzymes that destroy cartilage (metalloproteinase) and stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, which is an important component of synovial fluid, lubricating the joint. It also has an anti -inflammatory effect, suppressing the production of pro -inflammatory mediators.
   • Types of chondroitin: There are various types of chondroitin sulfate that differ in molecular weight and degree of sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate with low molecular weight can be better absorbed.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of chondroitin is 800-1200 mg per day, divided into several receptions.

3. MSM (methyl sulfonylmetatan): Organic compound of sulfur, which has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is believed that MSM helps to reduce pain and inflammation in the joints.

   • The mechanism of action: MSM provides a gray body, which is necessary for building collagen and other important proteins that make up cartilage tissue. He also inhibits the production of pro -inflammatory cytokines and free radicals, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the joints.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of MSM is 1000-3000 mg per day, divided into several receptions.

4. Hyaluronic acid: The main component of the synovial fluid, which lubricates the joints and ensures their cushioning.

   • The mechanism of action: Hyaluronic acid increases the viscosity of the synovial fluid, improving its lubricating properties and reducing friction between the articular surfaces. It also has an anti -inflammatory effect, suppressing the production of pro -inflammatory mediators.
   • Application: Hyaluronic acid can be used orally (as part of dietary supplements) or in the form of intra -articular injections. Injections of hyaluronic acid are often used to treat osteoarthrosis of the knee joint.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of hyaluronic acid for oral administration is 80-200 mg per day.

5. Collagen: The main structural protein, which makes up the cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Collagen contributes to the strength and elasticity of these tissues.

   • Types of collagen: There are various types of collagen, each of which has its own specific functions. Type II collagen is the main component of cartilage.
   • The mechanism of action: Collagen taken orally is broken down in the intestines into peptides, which stimulate the production of its own collagen in cartilage. He also has an anti -inflammatory effect, modulating the immune response.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of type II collagen is 40 mg per day.

6. Boswelia (Boswellia Serrata): A plant containing bosvelly acids that have anti -inflammatory properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Boswellic acids inhibit an enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, which is involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes-pro-inflammatory mediators. This leads to a decrease in inflammation and joint pain.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of bosvel extract is 300-400 mg per day containing 60-65% of bosvelly acids.

7. Curcumin: The active ingredient of turmeric has powerful anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Kurkumin inhibits various pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, such as COX-2 and TNF-α, reducing inflammation and joint pain. It also has antioxidant properties, protecting the cells from damage to free radicals.
   • Absorption problems: Kurkumin is poorly absorbed in the intestines. To improve absorption, it is often combined with piperin (black pepper extract) or using liposomal forms of turmeric.
   • Recommended doses: Usually the recommended dose of curcumin is 500-2000 mg per day.

8. Omega-3 fatty acids: Essential fatty acids with anti -inflammatory properties.

   • Types Omega-3: The main omega-3 fatty acids are EPA (eicos defendaic acid) and DHA (non-oxaexaic acid), which are found in fish oil.
   • The mechanism of action: Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. They can also improve joint mobility and reduce pain.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) is 1000-3000 mg per day.

9. Vitamin D: It is important for the health of bones and joints. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to the development of osteoarthrosis and other joint diseases.

   • The mechanism of action: Vitamin D regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus necessary to maintain bone health. He also has an anti -inflammatory effect, modulating the immune response.
   • Recommended doses: The usually recommended dose of vitamin D is 600-800 IU per day, but can be higher for people with vitamin D.

10. Vitamin C: The antioxidant necessary for the synthesis of collagen.

    • The mechanism of action: Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylating of the proline and lysine necessary for the formation of the stable structure of collagen. It also has antioxidant properties, protecting the cells from damage to free radicals.
    • Recommended doses: Usually the recommended dose of vitamin C is 75-90 mg per day.

B. Indications for the use of dietary supplements for the joints:

1. Osteoarthrosis: Degenerative joint disease characterized by the destruction of cartilage.
2. Arthritis: Inflammatory joint disease.
3. Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune disease affecting joints.
4. Post -traumatic arthritis: Arthritis developing after a joint injury.
5. Joint pains associated with physical exertion: To support the health of joints in athletes and people involved in physical labor.
6. Prevention of joint diseases: In people who are at risk (for example, with overweight, hereditary predisposition).

II. Contraindications to the use of dietary supplements for the joints:

Although dietary supplements for joints are usually considered safe, there are certain contraindications in which their use is not recommended or requires special caution.

A. General contraindications:

1. Individual intolerance or allergies to dietary supplements: This is the most common contraindication. Before taking any dietary supplement, it is necessary to carefully study its composition and make sure that there is no allergy to any of the components. Symptoms of allergies can include skin rash, itching, urticaria, quinca edema or anaphylactic shock.
2. Pregnancy and lactation period: Most of the dietary supplements for joints are not investigated for safety for pregnant and lactating women. Therefore, their use during these periods is not recommended, unless the doctor prescribed them according to strict indications and under strict control.
3. Childhood: Dietary supplements for joints are usually not recommended for children, since their safety and efficiency in this age group are not sufficiently studied.

B. Specific contraindications associated with individual components:

1. Glucosamine:

   • Diabetes sugar: Glucosamine can affect blood sugar, so patients with diabetes need to control the glucose level when taking glucosamine and consult a doctor to adjust the dose of sugar -lowering drugs.
   • Seafood allergies: Glucosamine is often obtained from crustacean carapers, so patients with allergies for seafood should avoid taking glucosamine or choosing products obtained from alternative sources (for example, glucosamine of vegetarian origin).
   • Reception of anticoagulants: Glucosamine can enhance the effect of anticoagulants, such as warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Patients taking anticoagulants need to consult a doctor before taking glucosamine and regularly monitor blood coagulation (LT).

2. Chondroitin:

   • Reception of anticoagulants: Chondroitin, like glucosamine, can enhance the effect of anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.
   • Liver and kidney diseases: Chondroitin is metabolized in the liver and is excreted by the kidneys, so patients with liver and kidneys should take chondroitin with caution and under the control of the doctor.

3. MSM:

   • Kidney diseases: MSM is excreted by the kidneys, so patients with kidney diseases should take MSM with caution.
   • Individual intolerance to sulfur: Although MSM is an organic compound of sulfur, some people may observe individual intolerance to sulfur, manifested in the form of gastrointestinal disorders or skin rashes.

4. Hyaluronic acid:

   • Autoimmune diseases: In rare cases, hyaluronic acid can cause an exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune diseases should consult a doctor before taking hyaluronic acid.

5. Boswellia:

   • Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract): Bosvelia can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, so patients with peptic ulcer, gastritis or other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should take Bosvelia with caution and under the control of the doctor.
   • Reception of anticoagulants and antiplatelets: Boswelia can enhance the effect of anticoagulants and anti -agents, increasing the risk of bleeding.

6. Curcumin:

   • Gall bladder diseases: Kurkumin can stimulate a contraction of the gallbladder, therefore, patients with gallstone disease or other diseases of the gallbladder should avoid taking turcumumin or taken with caution and under the control of a doctor.
   • Reception of anticoagulants: Kurkumin can enhance the action of anticoagulants.

7. Omega-3 fatty acids:

   • Reception of anticoagulants and antiplatelets: Omega-3 fatty acids can enhance the effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, increasing the risk of bleeding.
   • Gastrointestinal diseases: High doses of omega-3 fatty acids can cause gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

C. Important warnings:

1. Do not replace dietary supplements with medicines prescribed by a doctor: Dietary supplements for joints are an addition to the main treatment, and not its replacement. Do not stop taking the drugs prescribed by a doctor, and do not replace them with dietary supplements without consulting a doctor.
2. Consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement: It is especially important to consult a doctor if you have any chronic diseases, you take medicines or plan an operation.
3. Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers: Not all dietary supplements are the same. Choose products from manufacturers who comply with quality standards and conduct the necessary research. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and reviews of other consumers.
4. Follow the recommended doses: Do not exceed the recommended doses of dietary supplements. An overdose can lead to undesirable side effects.
5. Be attentive to side effects: If you notice any side effects after the start of taking Bad, stop taking it and consult a doctor.

III. Side effects of dietary supplements for joints:

Side effects from taking dietary supplements for joints are usually insignificant and are rare, but you still need to know about possible undesirable reactions.

A. General side effects:

1. Gastrointestinal disorders: The most common side effects of dietary supplements for joints are gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and abdominal pain. These side effects usually pass on their own and do not require the cessation of dietary supplements. To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders, it is recommended to take dietary supplements during meals and start with small doses, gradually increasing them to the recommended.
2. Skin reactions: Some people may have skin reactions, such as rash, itching, urticaria or redness of the skin. These reactions are usually associated with allergies to any of the components of Bad. In case of skin reactions, it is necessary to stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
3. Headache: In rare cases, the intake of dietary supplements for joints can cause headache.
4. Fatigue: In rare cases, taking dietary supplements for joints can cause fatigue.

B. Specific side effects associated with individual components:

1. Glucosamine:

   • Heartburn: Glucosamine can cause heartburn in some people.
   • Improving blood sugar: In patients with diabetes, glucosamine can increase blood sugar.
   • Improving blood pressure: In rare cases, glucosamine can increase blood pressure.

2. Chondroitin:

   • Hair loss: In rare cases, chondroitin can cause hair loss.
   • Edema: In rare cases, chondroitin can cause edema.

3. MSM:

   • Unpleasant taste in the mouth: MSM can cause an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
   • Insomnia: In rare cases, the intake of MSM can cause insomnia.

4. Boswellia:

   • Nausea: Boswielia can cause nausea in some people.
   • Diarrhea: Boswielia can cause diarrhea in some people.

5. Curcumin:

   • Jaundice: In rare cases, the intake of high doses of curcumin can cause jaundice.
   • Indigestion: Kurkumin can cause stomach disorder in some people.

6. Omega-3 fatty acids:

   • Fish taste: Omega-3 fatty acids can cause a fish taste in the mouth.
   • Bodding: Omega-3 fatty acids can cause belching.

C. Interaction with drugs:

Dietary supplements for joints can interact with some drugs, which can lead to increased or weakening of the action of drugs, as well as to increase the risk of side effects.

1. Antique (Varfarin, Geparin, Klopidogrel): Glucosamine, Chondroitin, Bosvelia, Kurkumin and Omega-3 fatty acids can enhance the effect of anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding.
2. Antiagraganhip (aspirin): Bosvelia and omega-3 fatty acids can enhance the effect of antiplatelets, increasing the risk of bleeding.
3. Sahabro -winning drugs: Glucosamine can affect blood sugar, so patients with diabetes need to control the glucose level when taking glucosamine and consult a doctor to adjust the dose of sugar -lowering drugs.

D. Rare but serious side effects:

In rare cases, taking dietary supplement for joints can lead to serious side effects, such as:

1. Allergic reactions: Anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction requiring immediate medical care).
2. Liver defeat: In rare cases, the intake of high doses of curcumin can cause liver damage.
3. Bleeding: In patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelets, taking dietary supplements for joints can increase the risk of bleeding.

IV. How to choose a safe and effective dietary supplement for joints:

The choice of dietary supplement for joints is a responsible step that requires an attentive approach.

A. Pay attention to the composition:

1. Active ingredients: Make sure that the dietary supplement contains the necessary active ingredients (glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, hyaluronic acid, collagen, bosvelia, curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, etc.) in sufficient quantities.
2. Form of ingredients: Pay attention to the form of ingredients. For example, glucosamine sulfate can be more effective than hydrochloride glucosamine.
3. Additional ingredients: Study a list of additional ingredients (excipients, dyes, flavors). Avoid dietary supplements containing artificial dyes, flavors and preservatives.
4. Quality certificates: Make sure that dietary supplements have quality certificates confirming its safety and effectiveness.

B. Choose a reliable manufacturer:

1. Reputation manufacturer: Choose dietary supplements from manufacturers with a good reputation and experience in the market.
2. Production standards: Find out whether the manufacturer complies with the quality standards in the manufacture of dietary supplements (for example, GMP – Good Manoufacturing Practice).
3. Consumer reviews: Learn the reviews of other consumers about the dietary supplement and manufacturer.

C. Consult a doctor:

1. Get the doctor’s recommendations: Before taking any dietary supplement for the joints, consult a doctor. The doctor will help you choose the most suitable dietary supplement, taking into account your individual characteristics, health status and drugs taken.
2. Check the dosage and duration of the reception: The doctor will determine the optimal dosage and duration of dietary supplement to achieve the maximum effect and minimize the risk of side effects.

D. Additional tips:

1. Start with small doses: Start taking dietary supplements with small doses, gradually increasing them to the recommended. This will help you evaluate the tolerance of dietary supplements and reduce the risk of side effects.
2. Take dietary supplement while eating: The intake of dietary supplements during eating can improve its absorption and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders.
3. Be patient: The effect of taking dietary supplements for joints may not appear immediately. Usually it takes several weeks or months of regular reception to achieve a noticeable improvement.
4. Combine the reception of dietary supplements with other treatment methods: To achieve the best result, combine the use of dietary supplements with other methods of treating joint diseases, such as physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, massage and taking drugs prescribed by the doctor.
5. Follow your condition: Carefully follow your condition during a dietary supplement. If you notice any side effects, stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.

V. Alternative methods of treating joint diseases:

In addition to dietary supplements, there are other methods of treating joint diseases that can be effective in combination with dietary supplements or independently.

A. Medicines:

1. Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Narksen) reduce pain and joint inflammation.
2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids (prednisone) have a powerful anti -inflammatory effect and can be used in the form of tablets, injections or ointments.
3. Analgesic drugs (analgesics): Analgesics (paracetamol) reduce pain, but do not have anti -inflammatory effects.
4. Chondroprotectors (glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate): Chondroprotectors (Don, Structure, Arthra) contribute to the restoration of cartilage.
5. Hyaluronic acid drugs: Hyaluronic acid preparations (Sinvis, farmatron) are administered into the joint to improve its lubrication and reduce pain.
6. Monoclonal antibodies to FNI α (infliximab, adalimumab, etorenercept): Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune joint diseases.
7. Basic anti -inflammatory drugs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine): Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune joint diseases.

B. Physiotherapy:

1. Ultrasound therapy: Ultrasound therapy reduces pain and inflammation in the joints.
2. Electrophoreses: Electrophoresis allows you to deliver drugs directly to the joint.
3. Magnetotherapy: Magnetotherapy improves blood circulation and reduces joint pain.
4. Laser therapy: Laser therapy reduces pain and inflammation in the joints.

C. Therapeutic physical education (exercise therapy):

1. Exercises for strengthening muscles: Exercises to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joint help to stabilize the joint and reduce the load on it.
2. Exercises to improve joint mobility: Exercises to improve joint mobility help maintain its functionality.
3. Exercises to improve coordination: Exercises to improve coordination help to prevent joint injuries.

D. Massage:

1. Therapeutic massage: Therapeutic massage improves blood circulation, reduces pain and spasms in the muscles surrounding the joint.
2. Self -massage: Self -massage can be performed independently to reduce pain and tension in the muscles.

E. Alternative methods:

1. Acupuncture (Iglowerie): Acupuncture can reduce pain and inflammation in the joints.
2. Tai-you: Tai-chi is a type of gymnastics that combines elements of meditation and physical exercises. Tai-chi can improve joint mobility and reduce pain.
3. Yoga: Yoga is a type of gymnastics that combines elements of stretching, strengthening muscles and meditation. Yoga can improve joint mobility and reduce pain.
4. Diet:
   • Anti -inflammatory diet: Anti -inflammatory diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and whole cereals, can reduce inflammation in the joints.
   • Avoid products that cause inflammation: Avoid products that cause inflammation, such as sugar, processed foods, red meat and dairy products.
5. Weight loss: Reducing weight reduces the load on the joints, especially on the knee and hip joints.

VI. Research and scientific data on the dietary supplement for the joints:

The effectiveness of dietary supplements for joints is the subject of discussions in the scientific community. The research results are contradictory, and not all dietary supplements have a sufficient evidence base.

A. Glucosamine and chondroitin:

1. Meta analysis: Some meta-analyzes show that glucosamine and chondroitin can reduce pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis, especially in the knee joint.
2. Research NIH (US National Institute of Health): The study of Gait (Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis International Trial), conducted by NIH, showed that glucosamine and chondroitin are no more effective than the placebo, for the treatment of osteoarthritis as a whole. However, in the subgroup of patients with moderate and severe pain, glucosamine and chondroitin showed some effectiveness.
3. Recommendations of medical communities: The recommendations of various medical communities on the use of glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis are different. Some communities recommend their use, while others believe that evidence of their effectiveness is insufficient.

B. MSM:

1. Research: Some studies show that MSM can reduce pain and inflammation in the joints, as well as improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis.
2. Additional studies are needed: Additional studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of MSM and determine the optimal dose and duration of admission.

C. Hyaluronic acid:

1. Intra -articular injections: Intra -articular injections of hyaluronic acid are widely used to treat the knee joint osteoarthrosis. Studies show that hyaluronic acid injections can reduce pain and improve the function of the knee joint.
2. October reception: The effectiveness of oral administration of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of joint diseases is less studied. Some studies show that the oral intake of hyaluronic acid can reduce the pain and improve the function of the joints, but additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

D. Boswellia:

1. Research: Studies show that Boswielia can reduce pain and joint inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
2. The mechanism of action: Bosvelia has anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, which is involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes-pro-inflammatory mediators.

E. Kurkumin:

1. Research: Studies show that curcumin can reduce pain and joint inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Absorption problems: Kurkumin is poorly absorbed in the intestines. To improve absorption, it is often combined with piperin (black pepper extract) or using liposomal forms of turmeric.

F. Omega-3 fatty acids:

1. Research: Studies show that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce pain and joint inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Dosage: To achieve the effect, it is necessary to take quite high doses of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA).

G. General conclusions:

1. Additional studies are needed: Many dietary supplements for joints require additional research to confirm their effectiveness and safety.
2. Individual approach: The effectiveness of dietary supplements for joints can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the patient, such as joint disease and the severity of symptoms.
3. A combination with other treatment methods: Dietary supplements for joints can be effective in combination with other methods of treating joint diseases, such as drugs, physiotherapy and physiotherapy exercises.
4. Consultation with a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplement for the joints, you need to consult a doctor.

VII. Conclusion

This detailed article provides comprehensive information about joint supplements, their components, contraindications, side effects, and scientific evidence. Remember to always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.