Dietrs for the joints: myths and reality

Dietrs for the joints: myths and reality

Part 1: Anatomy and joint physiology – the basis of understanding the problem

Before considering biologically active additives (dietary supplements) for the joints, it is necessary to understand the basic anatomy and the physiology of a healthy joint. This will critically evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed dietary supplements and separate scientific facts from marketing promises.

1. The main components of the joint:

   • Joint cartilage: Smooth, elastic fabric covering the ends of the bones in the joint. It consists mainly of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and extracellular matrix, rich in type II collagen and proteoglycans (especially aggracan). Cartilage provides bone sliding, depreciation and load distribution. It does not contain blood vessels and nerves, so chondrocytic nutrition occurs due to diffusion from synovial fluid.
   • Synovial fluid: A viscous fluid filling the joint cavity. It is produced by a synovial shell. It contains hyaluronic acid, which provides lubrication and reduces friction between cartilage surfaces. It also delivers nutrients to the cartilage and removes metabolism products.
   • Synovial shell: A thin membrane lining the joint cavity, with the exception of areas covered with cartilage. It produces synovial fluid and participates in immune processes inside the joint.
   • The joint capsule: A strong fibrous shell surrounding the joint. Provides joint stability and limits the range of movements.
   • Blues: Dense strips of connective tissue connecting the bones to each other. Provide additional stability of the joint and prevent excessive movements.
   • Muscles: The muscles surrounding the joint provide movement and dynamic stability.

2. Joint functions:

   • Movement: The joints provide skeleton mobility and allow various movements.
   • Depreciation: The articular cartilage and synovial fluid amortize blows and reduce the load on the bones.
   • Stability: The joint capsule, ligaments and muscles provide joint stability and prevent dislocations.

3. Joint cartilage degeneration mechanisms:

   • Age changes: With age, cartilage is thinner, loses elasticity and becomes more susceptible to damage. The synthesis of the components of the extracellular matrix is ​​reduced and the water content in the cartilage decreases.
   • Injuries: Repeating injuries or single severe blows can damage cartilage and lead to the development of osteoarthritis.
   • Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the joint caused by autoimmune diseases (for example, rheumatoid arthritis) or infections can destroy cartilage.
   • Genetic predisposition: Some people have a genetic predisposition to the development of osteoarthritis.
   • Overweight: Excessive weight increases the load on the joints, especially on the knee and hip, which accelerates the wear of the cartilage.
   • Metabolism disorders: Some metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and gout, can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.

4. The main diseases of the joints:

   • Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common joint disease, characterized by degeneration of cartilage, inflammation and pain.
   • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Autoimmune disease, causing chronic joint inflammation, leading to their destruction.
   • Gout: The disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, which leads to acute inflammation and pain.
   • Traumatic damage: Dislocations, ligaments, ruptures of meniscus and bone fractures affecting the joints.

Part 2: The main components of dietary supplements for the joints are scientific data and marketing statements

The market for the joints is huge and diverse. It is important to understand which components are most common, which scientific data confirm their effectiveness and what statements are only marketing tricks.

1. Glucosamine and chondroitin:

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Glucosamine is the precursor of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the main components of cartilage. It is assumed that glucosamine stimulates the synthesis of GAG and proteoglycans with chondrocytes, thereby contributing to the restoration of cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate is also Gag and supposedly inhibits enzymes that destroy cartilage, and has an anti -inflammatory effect.
   • Scientific data: The results of clinical studies of glucosamine and chondroitin are contradictory. Some studies show slight relief of pain and improving the joint function in patients with osteoarthritis, especially the knee joint, while other studies did not reveal a significant difference compared to placebo. An important factor is the quality and design of research, as well as a source of glucosamine and chondroitin (synthetic, seafood, from animal cartilage).
   • Critical remarks: The meta-analyzes of many studies have shown that the effect of glucosamine and chondroitin is often insignificant and may not have clinical significance for most patients. It is important to note that the FDA (the Office for Sanitary Supervision of the quality of food and US medicines) does not regulate dietary supplements as strictly as drugs, so the quality and composition of dietary supplements can vary significantly. Moreover, long -term studies that evaluate the effect of glucosamine and chondroitin on the progression of osteoarthritis have also shown conflicting results.
   • Recommendations: If you are considering the intake of glucosamine and chondroitin, discuss this with a doctor. Choose products from reliable manufacturers who conduct quality control of their products. Do not expect immediate results, since the effect can manifest itself in a few months.

2. Hyaluronic acid (Civil Code):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Hyaluronic acid is the main component of the synovial fluid. It has high viscosity and elasticity, providing joint lubrication and shock absorption. It is assumed that the intake of the Civil Code inward or intra -articular injections of the Civil Code increase the concentration of the Civil Code in the synovial fluid, improving its properties and reducing friction between the cartilage surfaces.
   • Scientific data: Intra -articular injections of the Civil Code are widely used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee joint. They can ensure temporary relief of pain and improving the joint function. However, the effectiveness of the oral administration of the Civil Code for the treatment of osteoarthritis is less proved. Some studies show that the oral intake of the Civil Code can improve the hydration of the skin and reduce the dryness of the joints, but more large -scale and well -planned studies are necessary to confirm effectiveness.
   • Critical remarks: The effect of intraarticular injections of the Civil Code is temporary and usually lasts several months. Repeated injections may be required to maintain the effect. The risks associated with injections include infection, pain and edema at the injection site. The quality of the oral preparations of the Civil Code can also vary, and bioavailability (the amount of substance reaching systemic bloodstream) of the oral Civil Code is not always well studied.
   • Recommendations: Intra -articular injections of the Civil Code should be carried out by qualified medical personnel. The oral administration of the Civil Code can be considered as an addition to other methods of treatment of osteoarthritis, but should not be considered as the main treatment.

3. Collagen (II type):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Type II collagen is the main structural protein of the articular cartilage. It is assumed that the intake of type II collagen inward stimulates the synthesis of collagen with chondrocytes and helps to restore cartilage. It is also assumed that the non -type of (native) type II collagen can have an immunomodulating effect, reducing inflammation in the joints.
   • Scientific data: Some studies show that the intake of type II collagen can relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis, especially the knee joint. Studies of the non -reinatured type II collagen also showed some positive results regarding a decrease in pain and inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the results of the studies are contradictory, and additional studies are needed to confirm effectiveness.
   • Critical remarks: The bioavailability of the type II oral collagen may be limited. The collagen is broken down in the gastrointestinal tract into amino acids and peptides, which are then used to synthesize proteins in the body. It is not known how many type II collagen reaches the articular cartilage after oral administration. It is important to choose products containing type II collagen from reliable manufacturers who conduct quality control of their products.
   • Recommendations: If you are considering a type II collagen, discuss this with a doctor. Choose products containing type II collagen from reliable manufacturers. Pay attention to the form of collagen (hydrolyzed, nonsense).

4. Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): MSM is an organic compound of sulfur, which is contained in various foods. It is assumed that MSM has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and also participates in the synthesis of collagen.
   • Scientific data: Some studies show that the intake of MSM can relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the results of the studies are contradictory, and additional studies are needed to confirm effectiveness.
   • Critical remarks: The mechanism of action of MSM in the treatment of osteoarthritis has not been fully studied. Most MSM studies were conducted in small groups of patients.
   • Recommendations: MSM is usually considered safe for most people. However, before taking MSM, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

5. Omega-3 fatty acids:

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicopascentenoic acid (EPC) and daily oxenic acid (DGC), have anti-inflammatory effects. It is assumed that taking omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in the joints and relieve pain.
   • Scientific data: Some studies show that taking omega-3 fatty acids can relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
   • Critical remarks: The effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of osteoarthritis can be moderate. To achieve the effect, it may take high doses of Omega-3 fatty acids.
   • Recommendations: Omega-3 fatty acids can be obtained from fish, seafood, flaxseed and other foods. If you are considering the reception of the additives of omega-3 fatty acids, discuss this with the doctor.

6. Kurkumin (from turmeric):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Kurkumin is the main active component of turmeric. It has strong anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is believed that Kurkumin can inhibit inflammatory enzymes and cytokines that are involved in the development of osteoarthritis.
   • Scientific data: Some studies demonstrate that curcumin can relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis is comparable to some painkillers.
   • Critical remarks: The bioavailability of curcumin during oral administration is low. To improve the absorption of curcumin, it is often combined with piperin (black pepper extract) or liposomal forms are used. It is necessary to carefully choose products with turmeric, providing adequate bioavailability.
   • Recommendations: The use of curcumin can be a useful addition to the treatment of osteoarthritis, but should not replace the main treatment methods prescribed by the doctor.

7. S-adenosylmetionine (SAME):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Same is a natural connection present in all living cells. Participates in many biochemical reactions, including the synthesis of proteoglycans (an important cartilage component). It is believed that SAME can have an anesthetic and anti -inflammatory effect.
   • Scientific data: Some studies show that SAME can be effective for alleviating pain in osteoarthritis, comparable to non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
   • Critical remarks: Same can cause side effects, such as nausea, dyspepsia and insomnia. SAME should not be taken simultaneously with antidepressants without consulting a doctor.
   • Recommendations: When using SAME, it is important to observe the recommended dosage and take into account possible side effects.

8. Boswellium Serrat (Indian incense):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): Boswellia extract contains bosvelic acids that have anti -inflammatory properties. They inhibit an enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox), which is involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes-inflammation mediators.
   • Scientific data: Studies show that Boswellial extract can reduce pain and improve joint function with osteoarthritis.
   • Critical remarks: Additional studies are needed to confirm the long -term efficiency and safety of the Boswellial extract.
   • Recommendations: Boswellion can be considered an alternative or additional method for treating osteoarthritis.

9. Avocado and soy -shaped (ASU):

   • The mechanism of action (alleged): ASU is an extract obtained from avocados and soy. It contains phytosterols and other compounds that have anti -inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. It is believed that ASU stimulates collagen synthesis and inhibits enzymes that destroy cartilage.
   • Scientific data: Some studies show that ASU can reduce pain and improve joint function with osteoarthritis.
   • Critical remarks: More large -scale and well -planned studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of ASU.
   • Recommendations: ASU can be considered as one of the treatment options for osteoarthritis, especially with the ineffectiveness of other methods.

10. Vitamin D:

    • The mechanism of action (alleged): Vitamin D plays an important role in the health of bones and joints. It regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary to maintain bone strength. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakening of bones and increasing the risk of fractures, which can aggravate joint problems.
    • Scientific data: Studies show that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of development of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.
    • Critical remarks: Vitamin D additives can be useful for people with vitamin D deficiency, but are not the main method of treating osteoarthritis.
    • Recommendations: Spended the level of vitamin D in the blood regularly and take vitamin D additives if you have a deficiency, on the recommendation of a doctor.

Part 3: Myths about the dietary supplement for joints

1. Myth: dietary supplements can completely cure osteoarthritis.

   • Reality: Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that cannot be completely cured. Bades can help alleviate the symptoms (pain, inflammation), slow down the progression of the disease and improve joint function, but they do not completely restore damaged cartilage.

2. Myth: The more expensive it is, the more effective it is.

   • Reality: The price of dietary supplements is not always an indicator of its effectiveness. The composition of the product, the quality of the ingredients and the reputation of the manufacturer are more important.

3. Myth: All dietary supplements are absolutely safe because they are “natural”.

   • Reality: Bades can cause side effects and interact with drugs. It is important to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements, especially if you have any chronic diseases or take other medicines.

4. Myth: Bades begin to act instantly.

   • Reality: Most of the joints for the joints require long -term reception (several weeks or months) so that the effect manifests itself. Do not expect immediate results.

5. Myth: dietary supplements replace the traditional treatment of osteoarthritis (medicines, physiotherapy, exercises).

   • Reality: Bades can be a useful addition to the traditional treatment of osteoarthritis, but they should not replace the main methods of treatment prescribed by the doctor. It is important to adhere to an integrated approach, including drugs, physiotherapy, exercises, diet and, possibly, dietary supplements.

6. Myth: All dietary supplements are made according to the same quality standards.

   • Reality: The quality of dietary supplements can vary significantly. It is important to choose products from reliable manufacturers who conduct quality control of their products. Look for products certified by independent organizations (for example, NSF International, USP).

7. Myth: High doses of dietary supplements are always better.

   • Reality: Reception of high doses of dietary supplements does not always lead to a better effect and can increase the risk of side effects. It is important to observe the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging of the product or prescribed by a doctor.

8. Myth: dietary supplements are equally effective for all people.

   • Reality: The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body, the stage of the disease, concomitant diseases and other factors. What helps one person may not help another.

9. Myth: If the dietary supplement has not helped, then it is poor -quality.

   • Reality: The lack of effect from Bad does not always mean that it is poor -quality. Perhaps this dietary supplement is not suitable for a specific person, or his dosage is insufficient, or the disease is at an advanced stage when dietary supplements can no longer have a significant effect.

10. Myth: Bad do not need approval by a doctor.

    • Reality: Consultation with a doctor before starting dietary supplements is extremely important. The doctor can evaluate the patient’s health, identify possible contraindications and interactions with other drugs, as well as give recommendations for the choice of a suitable dietary supplement and his dosage.

Part 4: Reality: an integrated approach to joint health

Instead of relying exclusively on dietary supplements, it is necessary to adhere to a comprehensive approach to the health of the joints, which includes:

1. Consultation with a doctor:

   • The first and most important step is to consult a doctor (rheumatologist, orthopedist, therapist) to diagnose joint disease and develop an individual treatment plan.

2. Medication:

   • Depending on the type of disease and the stage of its development, the doctor can prescribe drugs, such as non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, corticosteroids, basic anti -inflammatory drugs (BPVP) and others.

3. Physiotherapy:

   • Physiotherapeutic procedures, such as electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, laser therapy and others, can help reduce pain, inflammation and improve joint function.

4. Medical physical education (exercise therapy):

   • Regular exercises developed by an exercise therapy specialist help strengthen the muscles that support joints, improve blood circulation and reduce pain. It is important to perform exercises correctly to avoid injuries.

5. Weight loss (with overweight):

   • Excessive weight increases the load on the joints, especially on the knee and hip, which accelerates the wear of the cartilage. Weight reduction can greatly relieve pain and improve the function of the joints.

6. Diet:

   • Proper nutrition plays an important role in the health of the joints. It is recommended to consume foods rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Avoid products that promote inflammation (for example, processed products, sugar, trans fats).

7. Orthopedic devices:

   • The use of orthosis, insoles, canes and other orthopedic devices can help reduce the load on the joints and improve the function.

8. Intra -articular injections:

   • Intra -articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid can provide temporary relief of pain and improve the function of the joints.

9. Surgical treatment:

   • In severe cases, when conservative methods of treatment are ineffective, surgical intervention, such as arthroscopy, joint endoprosthetics and others, may be required.

10. Alternative treatment methods:

    • Some people find pain relief and improving joint function using alternative treatment methods such as acupuncture, massage, yoga and others.

11. Psychological support:

    • Chronic joint pain can negatively affect the emotional state of a person. Psychological support, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can help cope with pain, improve mood and quality of life.

12. Changes in lifestyle:

    • Avoid joint overstrain, take regular breaks during work, play sports that do not have a strong load on the joints (for example, swimming, walking, bicycle).

Part 5: how to choose the right dietary supplement for joints

If you decide to take dietary supplements for the joints, it is important to make the right choice. Here are some tips:

1. Consult a doctor: Discuss with the doctor which dietary supplements can be useful in your case and what contraindications exist.

2. Study the composition: Carefully study the composition of the product and make sure that it contains ingredients whose effectiveness is confirmed by scientific research.

3. Choose products from reliable manufacturers: Give preference to products from well -known and respected manufacturers who conduct quality control of their products.

4. Pay attention to certification: Look for products certified by independent organizations (for example, NSF International, USP).

5. Check the presence of contraindications: Make sure that you have no contraindications for the reception of Bad.

6. Start with small doses: Start with small doses of dietary supplement and gradually increase the dose to the recommended.

7. Follow the reaction of the body: Carefully follow the reaction of the body to dietary supplements. If you notice any side effects, stop taking and consult a doctor.

8. Do not expect instant results: Bades require long -term trick to manifest the effect.

9. Do not exceed the recommended dosage: Reception of high doses of dietary supplements can increase the risk of side effects.

10. Tell the doctor about all the dietary supplements: Be sure to inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you take to avoid interaction with other drugs.

Part 6: Future directions in the studies of dietary supplements for joints

Studies in the field of dietary supplements for joints continue, and scientists are looking for new and more effective ways to treat joint diseases. Some of the future areas of research include:

1. Development of new dietary supplements: The study of new natural compounds and their potential in the treatment of joint diseases.

2. Improving bioavailability: The development of new forms of dietary supplements that have better bioavailability and digestibility of the body.

3. Personalized approach: Development of individual treatment plans using dietary supplements based on the genetic characteristics of the patient and the stage of the disease.

4. Combined therapy: The study of the effectiveness of the combined use of various dietary supplements and drugs.

5. Clinical trials: Conducting large -scale clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements.

6. Using artificial intelligence: The use of artificial intelligence to analyze clinical research data and identify the most effective dietary supplements and treatment regimens.

7. Regenerative medicine: The use of dietary supplements in combination with regenerative medicine methods, such as cell therapy and gene therapy, to restore damaged cartilage.

8. Study of intestinal microbiots: The study of the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of joint diseases and the development of dietary supplements aimed at improving the health of microbiota.

9. Using nanotechnologies: The development of nanoparticles that deliver dietary supplements directly to the affected joints.

10. Creating “smart” dietary supplements: The development of dietary supplements that respond to changes in the state of the joints and release active substances in the right place and at the right time.

Part 7: Final considerations

Bad for joints can be a useful addition to a comprehensive plan for the treatment of joint diseases, but they should not be considered as a panacea. It is important to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements and adhere to a comprehensive approach to the health of the joints, which includes drug treatment, physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, diet and other methods. Remember that joint health is the result of the joint efforts of the patient and the doctor.

Disclaimer: This article is provided only for information purposes and should not be considered as a replacement for consultation with a qualified medical worker. Always consult with your doctor before starting any new methods of treatment, including dietary supplements.