Dad for immunity: dosage and reception rules

Dad for immunity: dosage and reception rules

Section 1: Immune system – basics and role

1. 1. Immune system: complex protective mechanism.
   • Determination of the immune system as a complex network of cells, tissues and organs working together to protect the body from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) and other harmful substances.
   • Explanation of the two main branches of the immune system: congenital (non -specific) and acquired (adaptive) immunity.
   • Description of key components of congenital immunity: physical barriers (leather, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (saliva, tears, gastric juice), cellular components (macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells), inflammation.
   • Description of the key components of the acquired immunity: T-lymphocytes (headers, cytotoxic), b-lymphocytes (antibodies), immunological memory.
   • A detailed description of the process of activating the immune system when meeting with antigen: antigen recognition, activation of immune cells, the production of antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, the destruction of pathogen, the formation of immunological memory.
   • Explanation of the role of cytokines (interleukins, interferons, TNF) in the regulation of the immune response.
   • Discussion of autoimmune diseases as a consequence of disorders of the immune system, when it begins to attack the body’s own tissues. (Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis).
   • Description of immunodeficiency states (congenital and acquired), leading to increased susceptibility to infections. (Examples: HIV/AIDS, heavy combined immunodeficiency).
   • An explanation of the role of vaccination in the formation of acquired immunity to specific infectious diseases.
2. 2. Factors affecting immunity.
   • Age: Explanation of age-related changes in the immune system: reducing the activity of the thymus (the body responsible for the maturation of T-lymphocytes) with age, a decrease in the number of naive T-lymphocytes, a decrease in the ability to form immunological memory. Features of the immune response in children and the elderly.
   • Nutrition: The role of full and balanced diet in maintaining the health of the immune system. A detailed description of the necessary nutrients: proteins (for the synthesis of antibodies and immune cells), carbohydrates (energy source for immune cells), fats (for the synthesis of cell membranes and hormones that regulate the immune response), vitamins (A, C, D, E, E, E, E, E, E, Minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, copper). The consequences of a bowl of nutrients for the immune function.
   • Stress: The influence of chronic stress on the immune system: increasing the level of cortisol (stress hormone), suppressing the activity of immune cells (T-lymphocytes, NK cells), an increase in susceptibility to infections. The mechanisms of exposure to stress on the immune system.
   • Dream: The importance of sufficient sleep for the normal operation of the immune system. Lack of sleep and its impact on immune functions: reducing the activity of NK cells, reducing the production of cytokines, increasing inflammatory processes. Recommendations for improving sleep quality.
   • Physical activity: The influence of moderate physical activity on the immune system: improving blood circulation, stimulation of immune cells, decreased inflammation. The risks of excessive physical exertion for immunity. Recommendations on the optimal level of physical activity.
   • Chronic diseases: The effect of chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases) on the immune system: impaired immune cells, a decrease in the ability to combat infections, an increase in inflammatory processes. The mechanisms of exposure to chronic diseases on immunity.
   • Medicines: The influence of some drugs (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) on the immune system: suppressing the activity of immune cells, increasing susceptibility to infections. The need to consult a doctor when taking immunosuppressive drugs.
   • Bad habits: The effect of smoking and alcohol abuse on the immune system: impaired operation of immune cells, a decrease in antioxidant protection, an increase in inflammatory processes.
3. 3. When should you think about strengthening immunity?
   • Frequent colds (more than 3-4 times a year).
   • Long -term and severe course of infections.
   • A sense of constant fatigue and weakness.
   • Slow wound healing.
   • Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
   • Constant stress and lack of sleep.
   • Unstable nutrition.
   • Reception of immunosuppressive drugs.
   • Accommodation in environmentally unfavorable conditions.
   • The presence of chronic diseases weakening immunity.

Section 2: Dad for immunity – an overview of the main components

2. 1. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
   • The role in the immunity: Antioxidant protection of cells from damage by free radicals, stimulation of production and activity of immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes), participation in the synthesis of collagen (an important component of barrier tissues), and increased antiviral protection.
   • Sources: Citrus fruits, kiwi, strawberries, pepper, broccoli, spinach.
   • Recommended dosage: Adults: 500-1000 mg per day (divided doses). Children: depends on age (consultation with a pediatrician). With colds and flu: up to 2000 mg per day (divided doses) for a short period of time.
   • Dosage exceeding: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, kidney stones (with prolonged use of high doses).
   • Output forms: Tablets, capsules, powder, chewing tablets, sparkling tablets, injection solutions.
   • Features of the reception: It is better absorbed in combination with bioflavonoids. Take during eating to reduce the stomach irritation. Do not take at the same time as iron preparations (vitamin C can enhance its absorption, which can lead to an overdose of iron). With prolonged use of high doses, it is recommended to control the function of the kidneys.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, thrombophlebitis, tendency to thrombosis, diabetes mellitus (high doses can affect the level of glucose in the blood), kidney disease.
3. 2. Vitamin D (cholegalciferol).
   • The role in the immunity: Regulation of the activity of immune cells (T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages), increased production of antimicrobial peptides (defensins), a decrease in the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, participation in the regulation of inflammatory processes.
   • Sources: Sunlight (synthesis in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays), fatty fish (salmon, sardines, tuna), egg yolk, enriched products (milk, cereals).
   • Recommended dosage: Adults: 600-800 IU (international units) per day. Children: depends on age (consultation with a pediatrician). With a deficiency of vitamin D: up to 2000-5000 IU per day (under the supervision of a doctor).
   • Dosage exceeding: Nausea, vomiting, weakness, constipation, bone pain, kidney stones, increasing blood calcium levels.
   • Output forms: Drops, capsules, tablets, chewing tablets, injection solutions.
   • Features of the reception: It is better absorbed with fats. Take during food containing fats. Do not take simultaneously with antacids containing aluminum (may violate the absorption of vitamin D). With prolonged use of high doses, it is recommended to control the level of calcium in the blood and the function of the kidneys.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, hypercalcemia (increased blood calcium), hypervitaminosis D, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (active form), and kidney disease.
4. 3. Zinc.
   • The role in the immunity: Participation in the development and functioning of immune cells (T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells), regulation of inflammatory processes, antioxidant protection, increased antiviral protection, healing of wounds.
   • Sources: Red meat, poultry, seafood (oysters, crabs), legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grain products.
   • Recommended dosage: Adults: 15-25 mg per day. Children: depends on age (consultation with a pediatrician). With colds and flu: up to 40 mg per day (for a short period of time).
   • Dosage exceeding: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, flavor violation, copper deficiency (with prolonged use of high doses), suppression of immunity.
   • Output forms: Tablets, capsules, loafers, syrups.
   • Features of the reception: On an empty stomach is better absorbed, but can cause stomach irritation. Take during eating if there is discomfort. Do not take at the same time as iron, calcium, copper (zinc can disrupt their absorption). With prolonged use, it is recommended to control the level of copper in the blood.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, kidney disease, copper deficiency.
5. 4. Selenium.
   • The role in the immunity: Antioxidant protection of cells from damage by free radicals, participation in the functioning of antioxidant protection enzymes (glutathioneperoxidase), regulation of the activity of immune cells, and increased antiviral protection.
   • Sources: Brazilian nuts, seafood (tuna, shrimp, sardins), meat (beef, pork, bird), eggs, mushrooms, whole granar products.
   • Recommended dosage: Adults: 55-200 mcg per day. Children: depends on age (consultation with a pediatrician).
   • Dosage exceeding: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, fragility of nails, skin rashes, neurological disorders, smell of garlic from the mouth.
   • Output forms: Tablets, capsules, solutions.
   • Features of the reception: It is well absorbed with food. Do not take simultaneously with vitamin C in high doses (can reduce its absorption). With prolonged use of high doses, it is recommended to control the level of selenium in the blood.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, selenosis (Selenomic poisoning), autoimmune diseases (consultation with a doctor is required).
6. 5. SOUTHINEAILA.
   • The role in the immunity: Stimulation of the activity of immune cells (macrophages, NK cells), increased production of cytokines, antiviral and antibacterial activity.
   • Sources: Echinacea plant (purple, narrow -leaved, pale).
   • Recommended dosage: Depends on the form of the release (extract, tincture, tablets, capsules). Follow the instructions on the packaging. Usually: extract-300-500 mg 2-3 times a day. Tincture-2-3 ml 3 times a day. Reception course: no more than 2 weeks.
   • Dosage exceeding: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, allergic reactions.
   • Output forms: Extracts, tinctures, tablets, capsules, teas.
   • Features of the reception: Take at the beginning of a cold or flu to reduce symptoms and reduce the duration of the disease. It is not recommended to take for a long time (more than 2 weeks) due to a possible decrease in efficiency. It is not recommended to be taken with autoimmune diseases.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis), progressive systemic diseases (tuberculosis, leukemia, collagenosis), pregnancy, breastfeeding, children’s age up to 12 years.
7. 6. Probiotics.
   • The role in the immunity: Maintaining health of intestinal microbiots, competition with pathogenic bacteria, stimulation of the intestinal immune system, increased antibodies, and reducing inflammatory processes. The intestines are an important organ of the immune system (more than 70% of immune cells are in the intestines).
   • Sources: Sour -milk products (yogurt, kefir, yogurt), fermented products (sauerkraut, kimchi, tea mushroom), dietary supplements with probiotics.
   • Recommended dosage: Depends on the strain and the concentration of bacteria. Follow the instructions on the packaging. Usually: 1-10 billion Co (colony-forming units) per day.
   • Dosage exceeding: Bloating of the abdomen, gases, discomfort in the abdomen (usually pass on their own).
   • Output forms: Capsules, tablets, powders, liquids.
   • Features of the reception: Take on an empty stomach or between meals. Do not take simultaneously with antibiotics (antibiotics can destroy probiotic bacteria). Take antibiotics after the course for restoration of intestinal microbiots. Choose probiotics containing several strains of bacteria. Store in the refrigerator (to maintain the viability of bacteria).
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, serious immunodeficiency conditions (consultation with a doctor is required).
8. 7. Beta-glucan.
   • The role in the immunity: Stimulation of the activity of immune cells (macrophages, NK cells), increased production of cytokines, increased resistance to infections. They are associated with receptors on immune cells and activate them.
   • Sources: Yeast, mushrooms (Reishi, Shiitaka, Metack), oats, barley.
   • Recommended dosage: Depends on the source and concentration of beta-glucans. Follow the instructions on the packaging. Usually: 50-500 mg per day.
   • Dosage exceeding: Rarely causes side effects. Minor gastrointestinal disorders are possible.
   • Output forms: Capsules, tablets, powders.
   • Features of the reception: Take on an empty stomach or during meals.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, autoimmune diseases (consultation with a doctor is required).
9. 8. Collostrum (colostrum).
   • The role in the immunity: Contains immunoglobulins (antibodies), growth factors, probiotics, lactoralrin (protein with antimicrobial activity). Strengthens immunity, protects against infections, improves digestion.
   • Sources: The first milk secreted by mammals with mammals after childbirth. The cow is usually used.
   • Recommended dosage: Depends on the concentration of immunoglobulins. Follow the instructions on the packaging. Usually: 1-3 grams per day.
   • Dosage exceeding: Rarely causes side effects. Minor gastrointestinal disorders are possible.
   • Output forms: Capsules, tablets, powders.
   • Features of the reception: Take on an empty stomach or between meals.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance to lactose (may contain lactose), allergy to dairy products.
10. 9. Astragal.
    • The role in the immunity: It stimulates the activity of immune cells, increases the production of interferon, has antiviral and antibacterial properties.
    • Sources: The root of the Astragal of the membranes (Astragalus Mambranaceus).
    • Recommended dosage: Depends on the form of release (extract, capsules, tablets, decoction). Follow the instructions on the packaging. Usually: extract-100-300 mg 2-3 times a day, decoction-3-9 grams of dry root per day.
    • Dosage exceeding: Rarely causes side effects. Dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders are possible.
    • Output forms: Extracts, capsules, tablets, powder, decoctions, teas.
    • Features of the reception: Take between meals. It is not recommended to be taken for a long time (more than 2-3 months).
    • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding.

Section 3: Rules for taking dietary supplement for immunity

11. 1. Consultation with a doctor.
    • Mandatory consultation with a doctor before taking any dietary supplement for immunity, especially in the presence of chronic diseases, taking drugs, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
    • Discussion with a doctor of possible interactions of dietary supplements with drugs.
    • Identification of possible contraindications for receiving dietary supplements.
    • Determination of the optimal dosage and duration of the course of admission of dietary supplements.
    • The doctor may prescribe tests to assess the state of the immune system and detect a nutrient deficiency.
12. 2. Choosing a quality product.
    • The choice of dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers with a good reputation.
    • Checking the availability of quality certificates (GMP, HACCP).
    • A careful study of the composition of the product.
    • Avoid dietary supplements with a large number of artificial additives, dyes, flavors.
    • Pay attention to the expiration date of the product.
    • Buying dietary supplements in pharmacies or specialized stores.
13. 3. Compliance with the dosage and reception mode.
    • Strict compliance with the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging or prescribed by a doctor.
    • Do not exceed the recommended dosage without consulting a doctor.
    • Take dietary supplements in accordance with the specified reception regime (on an empty stomach, during meals, after eating).
    • Do not miss the dietary supplement.
14. 4. Duration of admission.
    • Compliance with the recommended duration of the course of admission of dietary supplements.
    • Do not take dietary supplements for a long time without consulting a doctor.
    • If it is necessary to consult a doctor with a repeated course of admission of dietary supplements.
    • A long -term reception of some dietary supplements can lead to undesirable side effects.
15. 5. Interaction with other drugs.
    • Take into account the possible interaction of dietary supplements with other drugs.
    • Inform the doctor about taking any dietary supplements when prescribing drugs.
    • Do not take dietary supplements simultaneously with drugs, if this is not recommended by a doctor.
    • Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs.
16. 6. Side effects.
    • Carefully monitor your condition while receiving dietary supplements.
    • When any side effects appear, stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
    • The most common side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, allergic reactions.
    • Some dietary supplements can cause more serious side effects.
17. 7. Individual intolerance.
    • Take into account the possibility of individual intolerance to dietary supplements.
    • Start taking dietary supplements with small doses to verify tolerance.
    • When there are signs of an allergic reaction (skin rash, itching, edema), immediately stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
18. 8. Storage.
    • Store dietary supplements in accordance with the instructions on the package.
    • Keep dietary supplements inaccessible to children.
    • Do not use dietary supplements with an expired shelf life.
    • Do not expose dietary supplement exposure to direct sunlight, high temperatures and humidity.
19. 9. A comprehensive approach.
    • Strengthening immunity is a comprehensive process that includes not only taking dietary supplements, but also a healthy lifestyle.
    • Proper nutrition, sufficient sleep, regular physical activity, a decrease in stress levels are important factors for maintaining the health of the immune system.
    • Bades can be a useful addition to a healthy lifestyle, but do not replace it.
20. 10. Water.
    • Sufficient water consumption (at least 1.5-2 liters per day) is necessary for the normal operation of the immune system.
    • Water is involved in the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the immune system, removes toxins and metabolic products.
    • Dehydration can weaken the immune system.

Section 4: Dans of immunity – specific situations

21. 1. Bad for immunity for children.
    • Features of the immune system of children.
    • The need to consult a pediatrician before taking any dietary supplements for children.
    • Safe and effective dietary supplements for children: vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, probiotics.
    • The dosage of dietary supplements for children depends on age and weight.
    • Forms of the release of dietary supplements for children: drops, syrups, chewing tablets.
    • Avoid dietary supplements with artificial additives, dyes, flavors.
22. 2. Bad for immunity for pregnant and lactating women.
    • Features of the immune system of pregnant and lactating women.
    • The need to consult a gynecologist before taking any dietary supplements for pregnant and lactating women.
    • Safe and effective dietary supplements for pregnant and nursing women: vitamin D, vitamin C, folic acid, iron, omega-3 fatty acids.
    • The dosage of dietary supplements for pregnant women and nursing women should comply with the doctor’s recommendations.
    • Avoid dietary supplements with herbs and other active components that can be contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
23. 3. Bad for immunity for the elderly.
    • Features of the immune system of the elderly.
    • The need to consult a hero-gearing doctor before taking any dietary supplements for the elderly.
    • Effective dietary supplements for the elderly: vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, selenium, probiotics.
    • Older people often have a deficiency of vitamin D.
    • Taking probiotics can improve digestion and strengthen immunity.
    • To take into account the possible interaction of dietary supplements with drugs taken by older people.
24. 4. Dietary dietary supplements for stress.
    • The impact of stress on the immune system.
    • Bades that help to cope with stress and strengthen immunity: B vitamins, magnesium, adaptogens (Eleutherococcus, Rodiola Pink, Ashvaganda).
    • B vitamins support the nervous system and reduce stress.
    • Magnesium is involved in the regulation of the nervous system and helps to relax.
    • Adaptogens increase the body’s resistance to stress.
25. 5. Bad for immunity in sports.
    • The influence of physical exertion on the immune system.
    • Bades that help maintain immunity in sports: vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, glutamine.
    • Vitamin C and zinc are antioxidants that protect cells from damage by free radicals formed during physical exertion.
    • Glutamin is an amino acid that supports the immune function and muscle restoration.
    • Reception of dietary supplements should be combined with proper nutrition and training mode.

Section 5: Myths and reality about dietary supplements for immunity

26. 1. Myth: Bades are a panacea from all diseases.
    • Reality: dietary supplements are not medicines and cannot cure diseases. They can be a useful addition to a healthy lifestyle to maintain immunity and prevent diseases.
    • Do not replace drugs with dietary supplements without consulting a doctor.
27. 2. Myth: The larger the dose of dietary supplements, the better the effect.
    • Reality: Exceeding the recommended dosage of dietary supplements can lead to undesirable side effects.
    • The recommended dosage indicated on the packaging or prescribed by a doctor should be strictly observed.
28. 3. Myth: All dietary supplements are equally effective.
    • Reality: The effectiveness of dietary supplements depends on its composition, quality, dosage and individual characteristics of the body.
    • You should choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers with a good reputation.
29. 4. Myth: Bades have no side effects.
    • Reality: dietary supplements, like any other substances, can cause side effects.
    • Carefully monitor your condition while taking dietary supplements and, when any side effects appear, stop taking dietary supplements and consult a doctor.
30. 5. Myth: Bad can be taken uncontrollably.
    • Reality: Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.
    • It is especially important to consult a doctor in the presence of chronic diseases, taking drugs, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Section 6: Conclusion

(Note: The following line will NOT be included as per the instructions)

Bades can be a useful tool for maintaining the health of the immune system, but their reception should be conscious, justified and agreed with the doctor. A healthy lifestyle is the basis of strong immunity.