What dietary supplements help with arthritis and arthrosis?

What dietary supplements help with arthritis and arthrosis?

Arthritis and arthrosis are common diseases that affect joints and causing pain, stiffness and limitation of mobility. Although drugs and physiotherapy are the main methods of treatment, many people turn to biologically active additives (dietary supplements) in the hope of alleviating the symptoms and improving the quality of life. It is important to understand that dietary supplements are not a replacement for traditional treatment and should be used only after consulting a doctor. In this article, we will examine in detail various dietary supplements that can be useful for arthritis and arthrosis, mechanisms of their action, evidence base, dosage and possible side effects.

1. Glucosamine and chondroitin:

Glucosamine and chondroitin are one of the most popular dietary supplements used to treat arthritis and arthrosis. They are components of cartilage and are considered building blocks for its restoration.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Glucosamine: It stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the main components of the cartilage. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β).
  • Chondroitin: Inhibits enzymes that destroy the cartilage, such as metal proproteinase (MMP). It also helps to keep water in cartilage, ensuring its elasticity and depreciation properties.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies of glucosamine and chondroitin show conflicting results. Some studies demonstrate a moderate decrease in pain and improving the function of the joints, especially for osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Other studies have not revealed a significant difference between the use of these dietary supplements and placebo.
  • The meta-analyzes of large clinical studies show that glucosamine and chondroitin can be effective for alleviating symptoms of osteoarthritis, especially in patients with moderate and severe pain. However, the effect can be more pronounced when using drugs with high quality and sufficient dosage.
  • The study of Gait (Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis International Trial) showed that glucosamine and chondroitin in combination can be effective for the subgroup of patients with moderate and severe knee pain.

• Dosage:

  • Glucosamine: 1500 mg per day (usually divided into 2-3 doses).
  • Chondroitin: 1200 mg per day (usually divided into 2-3 doses).

• Side effects:

  • Usually well tolerated. Mild side effects are possible, such as stomach disorder, nausea, diarrhea or constipation.
  • In patients with allergies to mollusks, caution should be caused, since glucosamine is often obtained from the shell of mollusks.
  • They can interact with anticoagulants such as warfarin.

2. S-adenosylmetionine (same):

SAME is a natural compound that is contained in each body of the body and is involved in many biochemical processes, including the synthesis of cartilage and neurotransmitters.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Participates in the synthesis of proteoglycans, important components of cartilage.
  • It has anti -inflammatory properties, suppressing the production of pro -inflammatory cytokines.
  • Improves chondrocytic metabolism (cartilage cells).
  • It has an analgesic effect, increasing the level of serotonin and dopamine in the brain.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that SAME can be effective for alleviating pain and improving joint function for osteoarthritis, comparable to non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but with fewer side effects.
  • Some studies indicate that SAME can be useful for fibromyalgia and depression, often accompanying arthritis and arthrosis.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to start with 200 mg per day and gradually increase to 400-1200 mg per day, divided into 2-3 doses.

• Side effects:

  • It can cause nausea, stomach disorder, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness and insomnia.
  • It is not recommended to take people with bipolar disorder, as it can cause mania.
  • It can interact with antidepressants.

3. Kurkumin (from turmeric):

Kurkumin is an active substance contained in turmeric, spices widely used in Indian cuisine. It has powerful anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Inhibits pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COO-2) and lipoxygenase (log).
  • Suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the factor of necrosis of the tumor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  • Neutralizes free radicals, protecting the cells from damage.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that curcumin can be effective for alleviating pain and improving joint function for osteoarthritis, comparable to NSAIDs.
  • Some studies indicate that curcumin can be useful for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 500-2000 mg of curcumin per day, divided into 2-3 doses. It is important to choose preparations with improved bioavailability, for example, containing piperin (black pepper extract), which increases the absorption of curcumin.

• Side effects:

  • Usually well tolerated. Mild side effects are possible, such as stomach disorder, nausea, diarrhea.
  • It can interact with anticoagulants.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids:

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats contained in fish oil, linseed oil and other sources. They have anti -inflammatory properties.

• The mechanism of action:

  • The body is transformed in the body into anti -inflammatory substances, such as resolvines and protectins.
  • Reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α.
  • Improve a lipid blood profile.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids can be effective for alleviating pain and stiffness in the joints with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
  • Some studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the need for NSAIDs.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 1000-3000 mg omega-3 fatty acids per day containing eicosapstranthenic acid (EPA) and non-achexenoic acid (DHA).

• Side effects:

  • They can cause fishing, stomach disorder, diarrhea.
  • They can interact with anticoagulants.

5. Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM):

MSM is an organic compound of sulfur, which is contained in plants, animals and humans. It is believed that MSM has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Reduces inflammation, suppressing the production of pro -inflammatory cytokines.
  • Improves joint function, increasing the production of collagen, an important component of cartilage.
  • It has an antioxidant effect, protecting the cells from damage.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that MSM can be effective to relieve pain and improve joint function with osteoarthritis.
  • Some studies indicate that MSM can be useful for allergic reactions and muscle pain.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 1,500-3000 mg of MSM per day, divided into 2-3 doses.

• Side effects:

  • Usually well tolerated. Mild side effects are possible, such as stomach disorder, nausea, diarrhea.

6. Avocado and soy oil inequipped compounds (ASU):

ASU is an extract obtained from avocados and soy oil. It has anti -inflammatory and chondroprotective properties.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β.
  • It stimulates the production of collagen and proteoglycans, important components of cartilage.
  • Inhibits enzymes that destroy cartilage, such as collagenase.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that ASU can be effective for alleviating pain and improving joint function with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip joints.
  • Some studies indicate that ASU can reduce the need for NSAIDs.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 300 mg ASU per day.

• Side effects:

  • Usually well tolerated. Mild side effects, such as stomach disorder, are possible.

7. Covenant (TIPI):

Collagen is the main structural protein in the body, which is part of the cartilage, bones, skin and other tissues. Type II collagen is the main component of cartilage.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Stimulates the production of chondrocytes (cartilage cells).
  • It suppresses autoimmune reactions that can contribute to the destruction of cartilage in arthritis.
  • Reduces inflammation in the joints.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that type II collagen can be effective to relieve pain and improve joint function with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Some studies indicate that type II collagen can be useful in autoimmune diseases.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 40 mg of non -reinatted collagen type II per day.

• Side effects:

  • Usually well tolerated. Mild side effects, such as stomach disorder, are possible.

8. Boswellia Boswellia Serrata:

Pilcut Boswelli is a plant that is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. The active substances of the Boswelliya – Boswellial acids – have anti -inflammatory properties.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Inhibit an enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5 -og), which is involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, pro-inflammatory substances.
  • Reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β.
  • Improve blood supply to the joints.

• Evidence base:

  • Clinical studies have shown that Boswelliya can be effective to relieve pain and improve joint function with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Some studies indicate that Boswelliya can be useful for asthma and inflammatory diseases of the intestine.

• Dosage:

  • It is usually recommended to take 300-400 mg of pile bosvellia per day containing 60-65% of bosvellic acids.

• Side effects:

  • It can cause a stomach disorder, nausea, diarrhea.
  • It can interact with anticoagulants.

9. Vitamin D:

Vitamin D is a fat -soluble vitamin that plays an important role in maintaining the health of bones and joints. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of osteoarthrosis and other joint diseases.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus necessary for the health of bones.
  • Strengthens the muscles surrounding the joints.
  • It has anti -inflammatory properties.

• Evidence base:

  • Studies have shown that people with vitamin D deficiency have an increased risk of osteoarthritis.
  • Vitamin D additives can help relieve pain and improve joint function in people with vitamin D and osteoarthritis deficiency.

• Dosage:

  • The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 600-800 IU (international units). People with vitamin D deficiency may require a higher dose under the supervision of a doctor.

• Side effects:

  • An overdose of vitamin D can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness and other symptoms.

10. Hyaluronic acid:

Hyaluronic acid is a substance contained in a synovial fluid lubricating joint. It is believed that hyaluronic acid helps improve the lubrication of the joints and reduce the pain.

• The mechanism of action:

  • Improves the viscosity and elasticity of synovial fluid.
  • Protects cartilage from damage.
  • It has anti -inflammatory properties.

• Evidence base:

  • Hyaluronic acid is available as injections for intra -articular administration. Injections of hyaluronic acid can help relieve pain and improve the function of the joints with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
  • The oral additives of hyaluronic acid are also available, but the evidence base of their effectiveness is limited.

• Dosage:

  • The dosage of hyaluronic acid injections depends on a particular drug and a treatment protocol. Oral additives of hyaluronic acid are usually taken at a dose of 100-200 mg per day.

• Side effects:

  • Injections of hyaluronic acid can cause pain, swelling and redness at the injection site. Oral additives of hyaluronic acid are usually well tolerated.

Important comments:

• Consult a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements for the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The doctor will be able to evaluate your condition, determine the cause of pain in the joints and choose the most suitable treatment, including dietary supplements, drugs and physiotherapy.
• Quality of dietary supplements: It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers in order to be sure of their quality and safety. Look for products that have undergone an independent quality test.
• Individual reaction: The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary from person to person. What helps one person may not help another.
• Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs, so it is important to inform the doctor about all the additives taken.
• Do not replace traditional treatment: Bades are not a replacement for the traditional treatment of arthritis and arthrosis, such as drugs, physiotherapy and surgical intervention. They should be used as an addition to the main treatment.
• Side effects: Bades can cause side effects, although they are usually well tolerated. If you notice any side effects, stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
• Long -term application: The effect of the reception of dietary supplements is usually not immediately manifested, but after a few weeks or months. It is important to be patient and continue to receive dietary supplements for a recommended period of time.

In conclusion:

Bades can be a useful addition to the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis, but they are not a replacement for traditional treatment. It is important to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements in order to make sure their safety and effectiveness. Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers and monitor possible side effects. And remember that the effect of taking dietary supplements can vary from person to person.