Hair growth: myths and reality

Hair growth: myths and reality

Chapter 1: Anatomy and Hair Physiology: The foundation of understanding

In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of dietary supplements for hair growth, it is necessary to understand the basics of the structure and life cycle of the hair. An insufficient understanding of these processes often leads to unjustified expectations and disappointments.

• Hair structure: The hair consists of two main parts: hair rod (visible part) and hair follicle (located under the skin). The hair rod is formed in three layers:

  • Cuticle: The outer protective layer consisting of overlapping scales like tiles. The cuticle is responsible for the shine, smoothness and stability of the hair to external influences. Damage to the cuticle leads to dullness, brittleness and split ends.
  • Cortex: The main layer that makes up the most part of the hair. The cortex contains a melanin pigment that determines the color of the hair. It is Cortex that is responsible for the strength, elasticity and shape of the hair (straight, wavy, curly).
  • Medulla: The inner layer, which is not in all hair (often in thick hair). The function of the medulla has not been fully studied, but it is assumed that it promotes thermoregulation.

• Hair follicle: This is a complex structure located in the dermis of the skin from which the hair grows. The most important components of the follicle:

  • Hair onion: The lower part of the follicle containing matrix cells, actively dividing and forming new hair.
  • Dermal papilla: The ledge of the connective tissue inside the hair follicle containing blood vessels that feed matrix cells. The dermal papilla plays a key role in the regulation of hair growth and its cyclicity.
  • Sebaceous glands: They are located next to the hair follicle and a skin fat is distinguished, which lubricates and protects the hair and scalp.
  • Muscle raising hair: It is attached to the hair follicle and is responsible for raising the hair with cold or fear (“goose skin”).

• Hair life cycle: Hair growth occurs cyclical and consists of three main phases:

  • Anagen (growth phase): The longest phase lasts from 2 to 7 years. During this phase, matrix cells are actively divided, and the hair grows about 1 cm per month. The duration of the anagen determines the maximum length of the hair. In healthy people in the anagen phase there is about 80-90% of the hair.
  • Katagen (transition phase): It lasts about 2-3 weeks. In this phase, the division of matrix cells stops, the hair follicle is reduced, and the hair is disconnected from the dermal papilla.
  • Telogen (Phase Salm): It lasts about 3 months. In this phase of the hair remains in the follicle, but no longer grows. At the end of the teenel, the new hair begins to grow, pushing the old one. In healthy people in the heterogene phase there is about 10-20% of the hair.

• Hair growth factors: Many factors affect hair growth, including:

  • Genetics: Heredity plays an important role in determining the density, thickness and color of the hair, as well as a tendency to baldness.
  • Hormones: Hormonal balance (especially the level of androgens) has a significant effect on hair growth. The imbalance of hormones can lead to hair loss, especially in women during menopause and after childbirth.
  • Nutrition: The deficiency of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins) can adversely affect the health of the hair and lead to a slowdown in growth, thinning and loss.
  • Age: With age, the hair growth rate slows down, and the hair becomes thinner and weaker.
  • Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt the hormonal balance and lead to hair loss.
  • Health status: Some diseases (for example, thyroid diseases, autoimmune diseases) can affect hair growth.
  • Medicines: Some drugs (for example, chemotherapy) can cause hair loss.
  • Hair care: Aggressive styling methods, frequent coloring and use of hot tools can damage the hair and slow down their growth.

Understanding these foundations is necessary for a critical assessment of dietary supplements and the formation of realistic expectations from their application.

Chapter 2: Review of the most popular hair dietary supplements: scientific data and myths

The market for hair growth is saturated with products that promise wonderful results. However, it is important to critically evaluate the composition of these additives and understand what ingredients really have a scientific justification, and which are only a marketing course.

• Vitamins:

  • Biotin (Vitamin B7): One of the most popular ingredients in hair dietary supplements. Biotin is necessary for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, and also plays a role in the synthesis of keratin, the main protein from which the hair consists of. Biotin deficiency can lead to hair loss and fragility of nails. However, a biotin deficiency is rare, especially in developed countries. Therefore, the intake of biotin will be effective only if there is a confirmed deficit. Studies show that the intake of biotin can improve the condition of hair in people with deficiency, but does not have a significant effect in healthy people. It is important to note that high doses of biotin can distort the results of some laboratory tests, in particular, tests for thyroid hormones.
  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and cell growth. Studies associate the deficiency of vitamin D with various types of hair loss, including focal alopecia. Taking vitamin D can be useful in the presence of a confirmed deficit, but you should not expect a significant effect if the level of vitamin D is normal.
  • Vitamin A: It is necessary for the normal growth and differentiation of cells, including cells of hair follicles. However, excess vitamin A can be toxic and lead to hair loss. Therefore, vitamin A should be taken only as prescribed by the doctor and in the recommended doses.
  • Vitamin C: An antioxidant that protects the cells from damage by free radicals. Vitamin C is also necessary for the synthesis of collagen, an important component of the connective tissue surrounding the hair follicles. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to dry hair.
  • B vitamins B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12): They play an important role in the metabolism of energy and the functioning of the nervous system. Some vitamins of group B, such as vitamin B12 and folic acid (B9), are necessary for normal division of cells and tissue growth, including hair. The deficiency of these vitamins can lead to hair loss. However, a balanced diet usually provides sufficient receipt of group B vitamins, and the additional intake of these vitamins is not always justified.

• Minerals:

  • Iron: Iron is necessary for the transport of oxygen to cells, including the cells of hair follicles. Iron deficiency (iron deficiency anemia) is a common cause of hair loss, especially in women. A blood test for the level of iron and ferritin (iron in the body) can help detect iron deficiency. Taking iron drugs can improve the condition of the hair in the presence of confirmed anemia. It is important to remember that the use of iron without the need can be harmful and lead to overloading the body with iron.
  • Zinc: Zinc plays an important role in immune function, wound healing and protein synthesis, including keratin. Zinc deficiency can lead to hair loss, slowing down nail growth and skin problems. Taking zinc drugs can be useful in the presence of confirmed deficit. However, an excess of zinc can also be harmful and lead to copper deficiency.
  • Selenium: Selenium is an antioxidant that protects the cells from damage by free radicals. Selenium is also necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland, which plays an important role in the regulation of hair growth. Selena deficiency can lead to hair loss. However, the excess selenium can also be harmful and lead to hair loss and other side effects.
  • Magnesium: Magnesium is involved in many biochemical processes in the body, including protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Magnesium deficiency can lead to stress, which, in turn, can adversely affect hair growth. Taking magnesium preparations can help reduce stress and improve the condition of the hair, especially in people with magnesium deficiency.

• Amino acids:

  • L-Cistein: Amino acid containing sulfur, which is an important component of keratin. L-cysteine ​​is considered useful for strengthening hair and improving their structure.
  • L-Lisin: An indispensable amino acid that plays a role in the synthesis of collagen. L-Lisin can also improve iron absorption, which indirectly affects the health of the hair.

• Plant extracts:

  • SAW Palmetto palm extract: It is believed that the Extract of the Palm Cerenia blocks the action of digidrotestosterone (DGT), the hormone, which plays a role in the development of androgenic alopecia (male and female baldness). Studies have shown that the serene palm extract can be effective for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, but additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
  • Nettle extract: Contains vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that can improve the health of hair and scalp. It is believed that nettle extract strengthens the hair follicles and stimulates hair growth.
  • Green tea extract: It is rich in antioxidants that protect the cells from damage by free radicals. It is believed that green tea extract stimulates hair growth and prevents their loss.
  • Horsetail extract of the field: Contains silicon, which is an important component of connective tissue. It is believed that the horsetail extract of the field strengthens the hair and nails.

• Other ingredients:

  • Collagen: Protein, which is the main component of connective tissue, including skin, hair and nails. Reception of collagen can improve skin elasticity and strengthen hair. However, the effectiveness of collagen for hair growth has not been fully studied.
  • Hyaluronic acid: A moisturizing ingredient that helps retain moisture in the hair and scalp.

It is important to note: Most studies on the effectiveness of hair dietary supplements have a small sample of participants and need additional research. Advertising of dietary supplements often exaggerates their effectiveness and does not take into account the individual characteristics of the body.

Myths about hair dietary supplements:

• Myth 1: Hair dietary supplements work for everyone. The effectiveness of dietary supplements depends on the cause of hair loss and individual characteristics of the body. Bades will be effective only if there is a deficiency of certain nutrients.
• Myth 2: Hair dietary supplements can stop baldness. Bades cannot stop genetically determined baldness (androgenic alopecia). They can only improve the condition of the hair and slow down the loss.
• Myth 3: The larger the dose of the ingredients, the better the effect. High doses of vitamins and minerals can be harmful to health. It is important to observe the recommended doses and not exceed them.
• Myth 4: Hair dietary supplements have an instant effect. Hair growth is a slow process. The results from receiving dietary supplements are usually noticeable in a few months.
• Myth 5: Hair dietary supplements have no side effects. Bades can cause side effects, especially when the recommended doses are exceeded. Before taking dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.

Chapter 3: Causes of hair loss: Differential diagnosis

Before starting to take hair dietary supplements, it is necessary to establish the cause of hair loss. Self -medication can be not only ineffective, but also harmful. Differential diagnosis of hair loss is a process that allows you to determine the exact cause of the problem and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

• The main types of hair loss:

  • Androgenic alopecia (yeah): The most common cause of hair loss in men and women. Aha is due to the genetic predisposition and the action of androgens (male sex hormones) on the hair follicles. In men, aha manifests itself in the form of thinning of hair on temples and crown, and in women – in the form of uniform thinning of hair throughout the head.
  • Telogen hair loss (TVV): Temporary hair loss, which occurs as a result of stress, illness, pregnancy, medication or nutrient deficiency. In case of TVV, a large amount of hair simultaneously passes into the phase of the heterogene (resting phase) and falls out. Usually the TVV passes independently a few months after the elimination of the cause.
  • Focal alopecia (OA): Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the hair follicles, leading to the formation of rounded foci of hair loss. OA can affect both the scalp and other areas of the body where the hair grows.
  • Traction alopecia: Hair loss, which occurs as a result of constant hair tension, for example, when wearing tight hairstyles, hair extension or use of aggressive styling methods.
  • Trichotillomania: A mental disorder in which a person involuntarily pulls out his hair, leading to the formation of a bald spot.
  • Scalp infections: Fungal and bacterial scalp infections can cause inflammation and hair loss.
  • Rickeeper alopecia: Hair loss, which occurs as a result of damage to hair follicles and the formation of scar tissue. Riceps alopecia can be caused by injuries, burns, infections or autoimmune diseases.

• Hair loss diagnosis:

  • A history of history: The doctor asks questions about the heredity, medical history, drugs taken, diet, stress and hair care.
  • Physical inspection: The doctor examines the scalp and hair, evaluates the nature of hair loss and the presence of other symptoms.
  • Trichoscopy: The non -invasive method of studying the hair and scalp with the help of a special magnifying device is a trichoscope. Trichoscopy allows you to assess the condition of hair follicles, hair structure and the presence of signs of inflammation.
  • Phototrichogramma: A method that allows you to evaluate hair density, hair ratio in different phases of growth and hair growth rate.
  • Blood test: The doctor may prescribe a blood test to detect a deficiency of nutrients, hormonal imbalance or other diseases that can affect hair growth.
  • Scalp biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy of the scalp may be required to establish an accurate diagnosis.

• The importance of consulting a doctor:

Self -diagnosis and self -medication of hair loss can be dangerous. It is important to consult a doctor (trichologist or dermatologist) to establish the exact cause of hair loss and prescribe the appropriate treatment. The doctor will be able to exclude serious diseases and choose the optimal treatment regimen that may include drugs, cosmetics, physiotherapeutic procedures and a change in lifestyle.

Chapter 4: How to choose a hair diet

If, after consulting a doctor and establishing the cause of hair loss, it was decided to take a dietary supplement for hair, it is important to make the right choice. The dietary supplement market is saturated with products that promise wonderful results, but not all of them are effective and safe.

• Hair dietary supplement criteria:

  • Composition: Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement and make sure that it contains ingredients whose effectiveness is confirmed by scientific research. Pay attention to the dosage of the ingredients and make sure that it complies with the recommended norms.
  • Reputation manufacturer: Choose dietary supplements from well -known and trusted manufacturers who have a good reputation on the market. Check the availability of quality certificates and compliance with the standards.
  • Consumer reviews: Read the reviews of other consumers to find out about their experience using this dietary supplement. Pay attention to the availability of positive and negative reviews, as well as the reasons why people were satisfied or dissatisfied with the product.
  • Price: Do not buy the cheapest dietary supplements, as they may contain low -quality ingredients. However, the high price does not always guarantee the effectiveness of the product. Compare prices for different dietary supplements with a similar composition and select the best option.
  • Output form: Hair dietary supplements are produced in different forms: tablets, capsules, powders, liquids. Choose the form that is most convenient for you.
  • Contraindications and side effects: Carefully study the contraindications and possible side effects of dietary supplements. If you have any chronic diseases or allergies, consult your doctor before taking Bad.
  • Interaction with other drugs: Some dietary supplements can interact with the drugs that you take. Consult a doctor to avoid unwanted side effects.

• A list of ingredients that should be sought in hair dietary supplements (if there is a confirmed deficit):

  • Biotin
  • Vitamin D.
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • B vitamins (especially B12 and folic acid)
  • L-Cistein
  • L-L-Elizin

• Ingredients that should be avoided (or treat with caution):

  • High doses of vitamin A
  • High doses of selenium
  • Ingredients with unproven effectiveness
  • Ingredients to which you have an allergy

• Recommendations for the use of hair dietary supplements:

  • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions: Take the dietary supplement in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and do not exceed the recommended dose.
  • Be patient: Hair growth is a slow process. The results from receiving dietary supplements are usually noticeable in a few months.
  • Do not expect miracles: Bades can improve the condition of the hair, but cannot completely stop the baldness or return the lost hair.
  • Combine the reception of dietary supplements with a healthy lifestyle: Proper nutrition, sufficient sleep and moderate physical activity can improve the condition of the hair and enhance the effect of taking dietary supplements.
  • Visit the doctor regularly: Regularly visit a doctor (trichologist or dermatologist) to control the condition of the hair and scalp.

Chapter 5: Alternative methods of stimulation of hair growth: integrated approach

Hair dietary supplements can be a useful addition to a comprehensive approach to stimulation of hair growth, but are not a panacea. There are other methods that can be more effective or at least enhance the effect of the intake of dietary supplements.

• Medication:

  • Minoxidil (Rogaine): The drug for external use, which stimulates hair growth and increases hair density. Minoxidil is effective for the treatment of androgen alopecia and focal alopecia.
  • Finasteride (Propecia): The drug for oral administration, which blocks the action of dihydrotestosterone (DGT) and is used to treat androgenic alopecia in men. Finasteride can cause side effects, so it should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.
  • Spironolactone: The drug that blocks the action of androgens and is used to treat androgenic alopecia in women. Spyronolactone can also cause side effects, so it should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.
  • Corticosteroids: Used to treat focal alopecia and other autoimmune diseases of the scalp. Corticosteroids can be used in the form of creams, ointments, lotions or injections.

• Cosmetic procedures:

  • Mesotherapy: Injections of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients in the scalp. Mesotherapy can stimulate hair growth and improve their condition.
  • Plasmolifting (PRP therapy): Injections of the patient’s own plasma enriched with platelets into the scalp. PRP therapy stimulates hair growth and improves their condition.
  • Laser therapy: Using a low -intensity laser to stimulate hair growth. Laser therapy can be effective for the treatment of androgenic alopecia and focal alopecia.
  • Harshall: Exposure on the scalp with high -frequency pulsed current. Darsonval improves blood circulation in the scalp and stimulates hair growth.

• Folk remedies:

  • Scalp massage: Improves blood circulation in the scalp and stimulates hair growth.
  • Hair masks: Masks based on vegetable oils (burdock, castor, olive) nourish hair and strengthen it.
  • Rinse of herbs: Rinsing with decoctions of herbs (nettles, chamomile, burdock) strengthen the hair and give it shine.

• Healthy lifestyle:

  • Proper nutrition: Balanced diet, rich in vitamins, minerals and proteins, is necessary for the health of the hair.
  • Sufficient sleep: The lack of sleep can lead to stress, which negatively affects hair growth.
  • Moderate physical activity: Physical activity improves blood circulation and general health, which positively affects hair growth.
  • Stress management: Chronic stress can lead to hair loss. It is important to learn how to cope with stress using relaxation techniques, meditation or sports.
  • Correct hair care: Avoid aggressive styling methods, frequent staining and using hot tools. Use soft shampoos and air conditioners that do not damage your hair.

Chapter 6: Conclusion: prospects and warnings

Bades for hair growth can be a useful addition to a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of hair loss, but are not a miraculous tool. Before taking dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor to establish the cause of hair loss and exclude serious diseases. It is important to choose dietary supplements from well -known and trusted manufacturers, with a composition based on scientific data, and observe the recommended dosages. An integrated approach, including drug treatment, cosmetic procedures, folk remedies and a healthy lifestyle, can be more effective for stimulating hair growth. It is important to remember that hair growth is a slow process, and the results from taking dietary supplements usually become noticeable after a few months. Do not wait for instant results and lay too much hopes for dietary supplements. The main thing is patience, perseverance and an integrated approach to solving the problem of hair loss. You should always remember potential side effects and interactions with other drugs, and in case of any problems, see a doctor immediately.

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